Do the many "Lords" and "Gods" in 1 Corinthians 8:5 have ontological existence?
[W]e should note that in [1 Cor 8:6] it is
possible to see the inclusion of Jesus Christ in the identity of the God of the
Old Testament, but there is no exclusion of the existence of other beings that
might in some sense be considered divine. Paul takes seriously the existence of
those beings, but he is clear that Christ is far above them in authority,
surely more in the category of the one God than of the lesser powers,
demi-gods, so to speak . . . Paul does not question [their] existence.(George
Carraway, Christ is God Over All: Romans 9:5 in the context of Romans 9-11
[Bloomsbury, 2015], 87, 89 n. 141, comments in square bracket added for clarification).