Thursday, September 26, 2019

Matthew Bates vs. the Claim that Romans 2:5-8 is Merely Hypothetical



But because of your stubbornness and unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteousness judgment of God, who will render to each person according to his deeds: to those who by perseverance in doing good seek for glory and honor and immortality, eternal life; but to those who are selfishly ambitious and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, wrath an indignation. (Rom 2:5-8 NASB)

Against those who claim that Rom 2:5-8 is merely hypothetical and Paul is not teaching our works will, in some way, determine our eternal destination (not heavenly rewards merely), Matthew Bates writes:

Paul repeatedly says good works will determine final salvation on the day of judgment. We cannot ignore these texts . . . One attempt to avoid works as fundamentally saving is to suggest that Paul was just speaking hypothetically in Romans 2:5-8 in order to encourage the helpless sinner flee to Jesus. Paul says that God will repay each according to his or her own works. But if God were actually to do this, all would be condemned because all our deeds are imperfect. Therefore, Go will not do this. It’s hypothetical . . . On the surface this hypothetical solution sounds plausible. But accepting it is a dangerous theological gambit. The hypothetical solution takes Paul to be saying the opposite of what he actually says . . . 1. Immediate context. There is nothing in the immediate context of Romans 2 to suggest that Paul is speaking hypothetically. In fact there is evidence that he is not doing so in 2:25-29 (see below). It is true that the none-are-righteous overarching context of Romans 1:18-3:20 must be considered as interpreting 2:5-16, but it is not true that this uniquely favors the hypothetical solution, because other solutions are possible. The even-nearer context in Romans 2 must be prioritized, and it points at life in the Spirit, making this the more probable overall solution.

2. Not marked as hypothetical. Elsewhere in Romans, Paul marks his statements that are not to be taken at face value. For example, in Romans 3:5 he says, “I speak in a human way” (see also Rom. 6:19). But he does not do this in 2:5-8, nor should we pretend that he has. We must take seriously Paul’s statement that each will be judged for eternal life according to (and on the basis of) works (2:5-8) an will be justified on the basis of law-doing (v. 13)

3. Positive verdict. Paul speaks of the possibility of both a positive and a negative verdict in Romans 2:5-16. If Paul were speaking hypothetically only about the grim prospect of condemnation by works so as to motivate us to flee to Jesus, we would expect him to speak only of a guilty verdict against all humanity—because that is the only possibility. But Paul indicates that the judgment can go either way. Why would Paul announce a possible positive verdict—“God will render to each one according to his [or her] works: to those who by steadfastness in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruptibility, eternal life” (Rom. 2:6-7 AT)-in the judgment according to deeds if he is really trying to tell everyone that only a guilty negative verdict can result? The hypothetical solution cannot account for a possible positive verdict, but the life-in-the-Spirit solution can.

4. The Holy Spirit empowers good works. The Holy Spirit empowers holy living. Paul says in near context (Rom. 2:25-29) and later on in the letter (Rom. 8:1-4, 12-13) that the Holy Spirit enables us to perform good deeds and fulfill the law in the Christ. “A Jew is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter. His praise is not from man but from God” (2:29). Such a person is praised by God when judged because he “completes [telousa] the law” (2:27 AT). Note the connection to Romans 2:13: “It is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law who will be justified.” In both cases doing or completing the law results in righteousness or praise before God. Thus we are encouraged to see the Holy Spirit as the key in both. A better solution than the merely hypothetical lies ready at hand in Romans 2 itself. Good works are saving when they are part of faith because the Holy Spirit empowers us to perform them. (Matthew W. Bates, Gospel Allegiance: What Faith in Jesus Misses for Salvation in Christ [Grand Rapids, Mich.: Brazos Press, 2019], 183, 185, 188-89, italics in original)