Friday, May 29, 2020

Donald W. Hemingway on Infant Baptism in Central America

Donald W. Hemingway, in his book, Christianity in America Before Columbus? (Salt Lake City: Hawkes Publishing, 1988), attempted to present evidence of knowledge of Christianity in the Americas before Columbus. While, as with many works, it engages in parallelomania, it did have some good material here and there. One such topic relates to knowledge of something akin to infant baptism in Central America among the natives when the Spaniards arrived. On why this is relevant to the Book of Mormon, see The Dispute about Infant Baptism among the Nephites: Evidence of 19th century origins for the Book of Mormon?. Note the following quotes provided by Hemingway:

 

The lords, leading men, nobles, and rich merchants, when a son or daughter was born to them, paid much heed to the sign, the day, and the hour in which he was born. And of this they forthwith set out to inform the judicial astrologers, and to ask as to the good fortune or ill of the child who was born. And if the sign in which he was born was propitious, they had him baptized at once; and if it was adverse they sought the most favourable house of that sign [in which] to baptize him. When they baptized him, they banqueted the kinsmen and friends, so that they would be present at the baptism, and then they gave food and drink to all the guests, and also to the children of the whole suburb. They baptized him at sunrise in the house of his father. The mid-wife baptized him, uttering many prayers and performing much ceremony over the child. This [same] feat they also observe today in the baptism of their children, as to feasting, eating, and drinking. (Sahagun, Book 2, p. 39) (pp. 52-53)

 

And when the midwife had arranged the baby, when he had cut his naval cord, then she bathed the baby. [As] she continued washing him, she proceeded to address him. She said to him, if male: ‘Approach thy mother the goddess Chalchiuhtli icue . . . May she receive thee! May she wash thee, may she cleanse thee! May she remove, may she transfer the filthiness which thou hast taken from thy mother, from thy father! May she cleanse thy heart; may she make it fine, good! May she give thee find, good conduct! (Sahagun, Book 6, p. 175) (p. 53)

 

Then she poured water on the crown of his head. He said to him: ‘My youngest son, my youth, take receive the water of the lord of the earth, our sustenance, our refreshment, which is that which cleanseth one, that which batheth one . . . May it remove, may it destroy the manner of things thou wert given with which thou wert arrayed in the beginning the bad, the evil’ . . . Thereupon she bathed him all over; she massaged him. She proceeded to speak to him: ‘Wherever thou art, as thou art a baby cast down to earth: go, move! Now the baby liveth again; she is born again; now be becometh clean, he becometh pure again.’ (Sahagun, Book 6, p. 202) (p. 55)

 

They [the Spaniards] witnessed another ceremony, that of the Aztec baptism; in which, after a solemn invocation, the head and lips of the infant were touched with water, and a name was given to it; while the goodness Cioacoatl, who presided over childbirth, was implored, . . . ‘that the sin, which was given to us before the beginning of the world, might not visit the child, but that cleansed by these waters, it might live and be born anew!’ (Prescott, Mexico, p. 696) (p. 55)

 

When the sun had risen, the midwife, taking the child in her arms, called for a little earthen vessel of water . . . She placed herself with her fact towards the west, and immediately began to go through certain ceremonies . . . After this she sprinkled water on the head of the infant, saying, ‘O my child! take and receive the water of the Lord of the world, which is our life, and is given for the increasing and renewing of our body. It is to wash and to purify.’ (Prescott, Mexico, p. 696, note 26) (pp. 55-56)

 

When these things were ended, they gave the child the name of some one of his ancestors, in the hope that he might shed a new lustre over it. The name was given by the same midwife, or priestess, who baptized him. (Prescott, Mexico, pp. 696, 697, note 26) (p. 58)

 

The full bibliographical information for the sources above are:

 

Fray Bernardino de Sahagun, A History of Ancient Mexico, volume 1: 1547-1577 (trans. Fanny R. Bandelier; The Rio Grande Press, Inc.)

 

William H. Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico and History of the Conquest of Peru (New York: The Modern Library)