Addressing 1
Pet 2:24, a common “proof-text” by proponents of penal substitution, Philip
Hess noted the following:
In Numbers 18:1,
Aaron and his sons are said to bear the iniquity of the sanctuary and of their
priesthood. In Exodus 28:38, Aaron is commanded to bear the iniquity of the
holy things. Barnes’ Notes on the Bible
comments on this verse that the Hebrew expression “to bear iniquity” is applied
either to one who suffers the penalty of sin or to one who takes away the sins
of the others. In Leviticus 10:17 (KJV), the priests are said to bear the
iniquity of the people. Whatever the
priests bearing iniquity meant, it did not involve punishment for them. The
scapegoat ritual could be understood as Jesus, carrying our sins away to dispose
of them, like taking garbage away to the dump. (Philip Hess, Penal Substitution on Trial: How Does the Death and Life of Jesus Save
Us? [2020], 180, emphasis added)
For more,
see
Does
1 Peter 2:24 teach Penal Substitution? And
Full
Refutation of the Protestant Interpretation of John 19:30