Tuesday, July 14, 2020

The Mention of "Atheists" in the Martyrdom of Polycarp

In the Martyrdom of Polycarp, we read the following:

 

And when he came near, the proconsul asked him whether he was Polycarp. On his confessing that he was, the proconsul¦ sought to persuade him to deny Christ, saying, "Have respect to thy old age," and other similar things, according to their custom, such as," Swear by the fortune of Caesar; repent, and say, Away with the Atheists." But Polycarp, gazing with a stern countenance on all the multitude of the wicked heathen then in the stadium, and waving his hand towards them, while with groans he looked up to heaven, said, "Away with the Atheists." (9:2 [ANF 1:41]])

 

The term translated as “atheists” is the Greek αθεος. BDAG offers the definition as (1) pert. to being without a relationship to God, without God and (2) one who disdains or denies God or the gods and their laws, god-denier, atheist. On the latter, we read:

 

Euhemerus and other Gk. thinkers are so termed in Sext. Emp., Math. 9, 50 and 9, 17; Diogenes, Epicurus et al. in Aelian, VH 2, 31.—Nicol. Dam.: 90 fgm. 16 Jac. p. 341, 2 οἷα ἀθέους ἐπόντωσεν; Ptolem., Apotel. 3, 14, 28 in a catalogue of vices

 

This is interesting as some mistakenly believe that the concept of atheism belongs to a much later era (sometimes the Enlightenment) and so Alma 30 and its depiction of Korihor is an example of the Book of Mormon addressing anachronistic concepts ancients would not have known about. However, such flies in the face of ancient texts such as those mentioned above as well as Psa 14:1 where the biblical authors condemn those who simply do not just deny God’s laws, but his existence (or, at the very least, his presence [cf. Psa 53:1—Mitchell Dahood in his commentary and translation in the Anchor Bible series translates this text as a condemnation of a denial of God’s presence]).