Tuesday, September 7, 2021

1 Enoch 10 and the Theme of Purging Mirroring 1 Peter 3:19-21 and the Purging Effects of Water Baptism

Commenting on the theology of water baptism in 1 Pet 3:19-21, Grant Macaskill in his excellent book, Union with Christ in the New Testament noted the following:

 

The flood is, therefore, a cleansing destruction, purging the earth of that which is corrupt. This helps to explain why Peter sees it as an antitype of that which baptism symbolizes, particularly if we accept that his understanding of baptism may actually agree with that of Paul: the flood, as a purging judgement, prefigures the death of ‘flesh’ in Jesus and the establishment of a new order by the Spirit. It is worth mentioning that other literature of the time, notably The Book of Watchers, understands the flood as a cleansing and restorative event, prefiguring the eschatological judgment (particularly 1 Enoch 10, where the same theme of purging is encountered).

 

This requires, though, that Jesus’s identification as the sin-bearer is not simply representative but is also participatory, putting to death the old order of sins in which we used to participate and establishing a new order of righteousness in which we now participate. (Grant Macaskill, Union with Christ in the New Testament [New York: Oxford University Press, 2018], 277-78, emphasis in bold added)

With respect to 1 Enoch 10, the text reads thusly:

 

Then the Most High spoke concerning these things, the Great Holy One, and he spoke and he said and he sent Istrael to the son of Lamech: "Speak to him in my name: 'Hide yourself!' And declare to him the end that is coming, that all the earth is destroyed, and a flood is about to come upon all the earth and he will destroy all things that are on it. "Now instruct him in order that he may escape, and his seed will remain for all the generations of the eternity." And he said to Raphael: "Bind Azael foot and hand, and cast him into the darkness, and open the desert that is in the Dadouel, and cast him in. "And lay down upon him rough and jagged rocks and cover him with darkness. And let him dwell there for eternity, and cover his face so he cannot see light. "And on the great day of judgment he will be lead into the fire. "And the earth will be healed, which the angels have destroyed, and you will declare the healing of the earth, so that all the people's children not perish in the whole mystery, in which the Watchers also commanded their children. "And all the earth has been made desolate, having been destroyed in the works of the teaching of Azael; and against him write all (his) sins." And the Lord said to Gabriel: "Go to the illegitimate children, to the spurious ones and the sons of sexual immorality, and destroy the sons of the Watchers from amongst the people. Send them into destructive war. For the length of day is not theirs. "And every request that is not to their fathers and about them, because they hope to live an eternal life, and because each of them will live five hundred years." And to Michael he said: "Go and reveal to Semiaza and to those remaining with him who have mixed with the women, to defile themselves in their uncleanness. "And when their sons will slay (one another) and they see the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them for seventy generations in the valleys of the earth until the day of their judgment and  consummation, until the judgment of the age of eternity is completed. "Then they will be lead away into the chasm of fire and to the torture and to the prison of eternal confinement. "And whoever will be burned up and destroyed from the present, they will be bound with them together until the end of the generation. "Destroy all the spirits of spuriousness and the sons of the Watchers on account of the harm (done to) humans. "And destroy all the unrighteousness from the earth, and let him desert every work of wickedness, and let the plant of righteousness and truth appear forever. With joy it will be planted. "And now all the righteous ones will escape, and they will be living until they bear a thousand (children), and all the days of their youth, and their weeks will be filled with peace. "Then all the earth will be worked in righteousness and the tree will be planted in it, and it will be filled with blessing. And all the trees of the earth will be glad; they will be planted. And they will be planting vineyards, and the vines will be planted, and will produce thousands of jugs of wine and sowing will produce according to each measure, olives will produce ten measures. "And you will cleanse the earth from all uncleanness and from all unrighteousness and from all sins and ungodliness, and you will wipe out all the uncleanness which is upon the earth. "And all the people will be worshipping and all will bless me and worship me. "And all the earth will be cleansed from all defilement and from all uncleanness and wrath and suffering, and I will no longer send upon them into all the generations of the age." (The Pseudepigrapha [trans. Craig E. Evans, 2008, Bibleworks]

 

Further Reading

 

“Born of Water and of the Spirit”: The Biblical Evidence for Baptismal Regeneration (2021). For those who want a free PDF, email me at ScripturalMormonismATgmailDOTcom