Sunday, December 12, 2021

Islamic Parallel to the Yetzer Ha-Ra

In Islam, there is something similar to the yetzer ha-ra (“evil inclination”). As G. Hussein Rassool, himself a Muslim, wrote:

 

Waswâs is the whispering of the devil or the devil’s insufflations (Waswâs-il-Khannas, Qur’an:114) over and over again, as Waswâsah by itself suggests repetition. This evil suggestion is to test the believer in having thoughts of disbelief, obsession related to purification and the fear of losing control in acts of worship. All believers are subjected to these thoughts and whispers from Satan or Jinn but for some, it becomes an obsession and compulsion. Waswâs al-Qahri [Arabic: “overwhelming whisperings] is a complex phsycho-spiritual problem found in Muslim populations. It is akin to pathological obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) . . . (G. Hussein Rassool, Evil Eye, Jinn Possession, and Mental Health Issues: An Islamic Perspective [Explorations in Mental Health; Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2019], 147, comment in square brackets added for clarification)

 

Elsewhere, we read:

 

Sources of Waswâs

 

There are three sources of Waswâs: The Nafs (or self, ego, soul), which is inclined to evil, the devils, among the Jinn (demons) and the devils among mankind. The first source of Waswâs is from the Nafs al-Ammara Bissu (The Soul which Commands). According to Utz (A. Utz, Psychology from the Islamic Perspective [Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: International Islamic Publishing House, 2011]), the intrusive thoughts are from the “Nafs itself, which may be inclined to evil” (p. 253). This kind of Nafs, by its intrinsic nature nudges human beings into the evil actions Allah says (Interpretation of the meaning):

 

Indeed, the soul is a persistent enjoiner of evil . . .

(Sūrat Hud (Hud The Prophet) 12:53)

 

Allah also says (interpretation of the meaning):

 

And We have already created man and know what his soul whispers to him, and Wie are close to him than (his) jugular vein.

(Sūrat Qaf (Qaf) 50:16)

(Ibid., 148)

 

Sura 114 from the Qur’an, referenced earlier, reads thusly:

 

SURA 114

 

[1] Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of men, [2] The King of men, [3] The god of men, [4] From the evil of the whisperings of the slinking (Shaitan), [5] Who whispers into the hearts of men, [6] From among the jinn and the men. (M.H. Shakir translation)

 

Another translation renders the text as:

 

SURA 114

 

[1] Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind, [2] The King of mankind, [3] The god of mankind, [4] From the evil of the sneaking whisperer, [5] Who whispereth in the hearts of mankind, [6] Of the jinn and of mankind. (Muhammad M. Pickthall translation)