Friday, July 18, 2025

John H. Elliott on the Fish (ISHTHYS) Symbol Being Used as an Apotropaic By Early Christians

  

Christians, like their neighbors, considered the fish to have apotropaic power. The individual letters of the Greek word for “fish,” ICHTHYS, also formed an acronym representing the Greek Words Iēsous Christos, THeou Yios Sôtêr (“Jesus Christ, God’s Son, Savior”). The term ICHTHYS thus was considered an employed by Christians as a powerful apotropaic. Where found as an inscription, the acronym generally identifies distinctly Christian apotropaic and amulets. An amulet in the Berlin Bode Museum (previously the Kaiser Friedrich Museum) shows two fish under a cross. A phallus amulet shaped like a fish at one end and having its own end, a mano fica is a composite amulet, which shows even more clearly the Christian association of fish, phallus, and mano fica as related conventional designs for warding off the Evil Eye. The Christus Rex (“Christ the King”) monogram on phylacteries also was ascribed apotropaic power and marked the phylacteries as Christian. (John H. Elliott, Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World, 4 vols. [Eugene, Oreg.: Wipf and Stock, 2017], 4:103)