Saturday, July 19, 2025

Willem dan der Meer on the Debate Concerning If Psalm 110:2 has Two or Three Cola

  

The commentaries differ in their analysis of the number of cola present in vs. 2. Are there three or two cola? In any event the verse may be divided into two poetic lines. Line 2a consists of מטה־עזךָ ישׁלח יהוה מציון and line 2b consists of רדה בקרב איביךָ. This is indicated by the absence of direct parallelism between 2a and 2b. The two lines are indirectly joined by the imagery of ruling, but this can also be attributed to the external connection between the two lines. Separation of the two lines is argued for by the fact that 2a speaks of an action of the Lord, while in 2b the party addressed is summoned to rule. The imperative at the beginning of 2b may also indicate the beginning of a new line. This makes it clear that 2b is a unicolon. It is more difficult to decide in 2a. Those who divide the verse into three cola see this poetic line as a bicolon. The first section consists of מטה־עזךָ and the second colon is ישׁלח יהוה מציון. Although direct parallelism is absent between these cola, there are a number of indicators which suggest division into two cola. A more semantic parallel is present through mention in 2aA of the might of the one addressed, while 2aB speaks of Zion as the center of might. Furthermore, מטה and מציון form a phonological wordplay via the מ. And finally, the emphatic placement of מטה־עזךָ at the beginning of the line argues for a separate colon. On the basis of these considerations it appears that vs. 2 consists of 2 poetic lines, the bicolon 2a and the unicolon 2b. (Willem dan der Meer, “Psalm 110: A Psalm of Rehabilitation?,” in The Structural Analysis of Biblical and Canaanite Poetry, ed. Willem van der Meer and Johannes C. de Moor Johannes [Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 74; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1988], 212-13)