Thursday, August 14, 2025

Papias of Hierapolis (via Eusebius) on the Superiority of Oral Traditions Over Written Texts

The following is from Papias of Hierapolis (via Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical History 3.39.1-4):

 

[1] Thus the recognized writing of Clement is well known and the works of Ignatius and Polycarp have been spoken of, and of Papias five treatises are extant which have also the title of “Interpretation of the Oracles of the Lord.” These are also mentioned by Irenaeus as though his only writing, for he says in one place, “To these things also Papias, the hearer of John, who was a companion of Polycarp and one of the ancients, bears witness in writing in the fourth of his books, for five books were composed by him.” So says Irenaeus. Yet Papias himself, according to the preface of his treatises, [2] makes plain that he had in no way been a hearer and eye-witness of the sacred Apostles, but teaches that he had received the articles of the faith from those who had known them, [3] for he speaks as follows: “And I shall not hesitate to append to the interpretations all that I ever learnt well from the presbyters and remember well, for of their truth I am confident. For unlike most I did not rejoice in them who say much, but in them who teach the truth, nor in them who recount the commandments of others, but in them who repeated those given to the faith by the Lord and derived from truth itself; [4] but if ever anyone came who had followed the presbyters, I inquired into the words of the presbyters, what Andrew or Peter or Philip or Thomas or James or John or Matthew, or any other of the Lord’s disciples, had said, and what Aristion and the presbyter John, the Lord’s disciples, were saying. For I did not suppose that information from books would help me so much as the word of a living and surviving voice.” (Eusebius: The Ecclesiastical History, 2 vols. [trans. Kirsopp Lake; The Loeb Classical Library; New York: Harvard University Press, 1926], 1:291-93, emphasis added)

 

Here is an alternative translation:

 

Now, the acknowledged writing of Clement is well known and the works of Ignatius and Polycarp have been mentioned; and of Papias five treatises are in circulation which bear the title, ‘Interpretation of the Oracles of the Lord.’ And Irenaeus makes mention of these as the only ones written by him, speaking as follows: ‘These things, too, Papias, an ancient man, who was a hearer of John and a companion of Polycarp, attests in writing in the fourth of his books, for five books were composed by him.’ Such are the words of Irenaeus. Papias himself, however, according to the preface of his treatises, makes it clear that he was never a hearer or eye-witness of the holy Apostles, but he shows that he received the doctrines of the faith from those who knew them, and he does so in these words: ‘I shall not hesitate to set down for you together with my interpretations all that I have ever learned well from the presbyters and recall well, being confident of their truth. For, unlike most, I did not take pleasure in those who say much, but in those who teach the truth, and not in those who relate the commandments of others, but in those who relate the commandments given to the faith by the Lord and derived from the truth itself; but if ever anyone came who had carefully followed the presbyters, I inquired as to the words of the presbyters, what Andrew or what Peter said, or what Philip or what Thomas or James or what John or Matthew or any other of the disciples of the Lord, and what Aristion6 and the presbyter John, the Lord’s disciples, were saying. For I did not suppose that information from books helped me so much as that from a living and abiding voice.’ (Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, Books 1-5 [trans. Roy Joseph Defarrari; The Fathers of the Church 19; Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1953], 202-3, emphasis added)

 

Here is the Greek of the text in bold:

 

[4] εἰ δέ που καὶ παρηκολουθηκώς τις τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις ἔλθοι, τοὺς τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἀνέκρινον λόγους, τί Ἀνδρέας ἢ τί Πέτρος εἶπεν ἢ τί Φίλιππος ἢ τί Θωμᾶς ἢ Ἰάκωβος ἢ τί Ἰωάννης ἢ Ματθαῖος ἤ τις ἕτερος τῶν τοῦ κυρίου μαθητῶν ἅ τε Ἀριστίων καὶ ὁ πρεσβύτερος Ἰωάννης, τοῦ κυρίου μαθηταί, λέγουσιν. οὐ γὰρ τὰ ἐκ τῶν βιβλίων τοσοῦτόν με ὡφελεῖν ὑπελάμβανον ὅσον τὰ παρὰ ζώσης φωνῆς καὶ μενούσης.”