Monday, September 8, 2025

Steven R. Hepworth, “’He Behold the Prince of Darkness’: Joseph Smith and Diabolism in Early Mormonism 1815-1831” (2021)

Due to my studies into, and articles against, Christadelphian theology and history, I have been interested in 19th-century diabolism and anti-diabolism. Today, I read the following MA thesis on early LDS diabolism which I found fascinating. To whet your appetite, here is the epilogue. The source is:

 

Steven R. Hepworth, “’He Behold the Prince of Darkness’: Joseph Smith and Diabolism in Early Mormonism 1815-1831” (MA Thesis; Utah State University, 2021), 124-26

 

Epilogue

 

Joseph Smith’s diabolism, present from the beginning of his religious narrative, took root and firmly entrenched itself in his religious discourse. This thesis has focused on Satan's role in Smith’s early thought through 1830, but he did not leave Satan behind as the Church grew and his theology matured. Throughout the nineteenth century, his followers attempted to build Zion, first in Missouri, then Illinois, and finally in the territory of Utah. Smith continued to expand his theology on Satan, his fall in a pre-earth state, and his influence and power on earth. A third translation project produced a narrative about the biblical figure Abraham, which contains an extended narrative of the devil and his beginnings. Smith’s religious system culminated in a temple ceremony that first appeared in Nauvoo and contained a drama reenacting the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Satan is present in the drama and personally tempts Eve to eat the forbidden fruit. Satan is cursed, cast out, and represented as the author of many of earth’s religions. The ceremony depicted a physical Satan and demonstrated to its participants how to detect the devil and cast him out. Joseph Smith continued to insert Satan into sacred histories, expose his methods and power to his followers, and teach them to cast him out.

 

Satan and beliefs about him in Latter-day Saint thought continue to play an essential part of the religion. Though some, as one scholar has written, believe that “diabolism cooled in Latter-day Saint thought after the nineteenth century,” the ideas and beliefs taught by Joseph Smith and contained in his translation projects continue to influence members of the religion today. On New Year’s Day in 1877, Joseph Smith’s successor Brigham Young spoke at the dedication of the St. George, Utah temple baptistry. Young concluded his remarks by stating, “I am not half-satisfied, and I never expect to be satisfied until the devil is whipped and driven from off the face of the earth.” He believed it was his duty to combat Satan. Church leaders, speaking during the Church’s semiannual general conference, have discoursed on the figure of the devil throughout the twentieth century. From 1900-1930 speakers mentioned Satan seven hundred and thirty-seven times. Two thousand two hundred thirty-five references were made to him in the second half of the twentieth century. In April of 1971, Apostle Marion G. Romney spoke on Satan. He entitled his sermon “Satan – The Great Deceiver.” Three years later, ElRay L. Christiansen preached on “Power Over Satan.” During the fall 1987 conference, Apostle James E. Faust spoke on “The Great Imitator.” Dallin H. Oaks, counselor in the Church’s highest governing body, the First Presidency, gave a talk in 2004 entitled “Be Not Deceived” to the youth of the Church. He warned that “ Satan’s methods of deception are enticing: music, movies and other media, and the glitter of a good time. When Satan’s lies succeed in deceiving us, we become vulnerable to his power.” He then outlined the ways Satan tries to deceive. Apostle M. Russell Ballard spoke on the same topic in his 2010 sermon “O That Cunning Plan of the Evil One.”

 

Diabolism was employed most recently by the current prophet of the Church Russell M. Nelson to frame the importance of using the Church's correct name. After reviewing why he felt it urgent that members and non-members of the faith employ the full, correct name of the Church Nelson stated, “When it comes to nicknames of the Church . . . the most important thing in those names is the absence of the Savior’s name. To remove the Lord’s name from the Lord’s Church is a major victory for Satan.” Nelson, like Smith, believed he was revealing to the Church a hidden tactic by the devil previously unknown. Using the official name of the Church became a way for members to counter Satan. Satan in the twenty-first century is still seen as attacking the Church, and leaders of the faith continue to see it as their prophetic duty to reveal Satan to the Church and fight against his influence. Diabolism continues to play a large and important role in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.