Wednesday, November 26, 2025

Thomas G. Weinandy and Felix Just on Parallels Between Peter and Paul in the Acts of the Apostles

  

. . . Luke provides a series of parallels between Peter and Paul. They were both filled with the Holy Spirit (see Acts 4:8 and 13:9). They were both miraculously freed from prison (see Acts 12:6-11 and 16:25-34). They both preach their first sermons to “the men of Israel” (see Acts 22:22-36 and 13:26-41). They both quote Psalm 16 in relation to Jesus’s resurrection—God will not let his “Holy One see corruption” (see Acts 2:15-28 and 13:35). They both heal paralytics, and work other miracles, including raising the dead. Peter rebuked Simon for offering him money so as to obtain the power of the Holy Spirit (see Acts 8:14-24), and Paul did the same in Cyprus to Elymus the magician (see Acts 14:3-12). Lastly, both refused to be worshiped as if they were divine (Acts 10:25-26 and 14:11-15). By demonstrating that Peter and Paul share equally in the power of the Holy Spirit, these parallels authenticate Paul’s apostolic ministry as equal to that of Peter’s. (Thomas G. Weinandy, Jesus Being Jesus: Theological Interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles, 2 vols. [Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2025], 1:5-6)

 

Parallels between the Apostles and Jesus:

The portrayal of the apostles in Acts is very similar to the portrait of Jesus in Luke's Gospel.  Just like Jesus, the apostles are filled with the Holy Spirit, they quote from the scriptures in their preaching, they teach and heal, they perform miracles and exorcisms, they gain followers but also stir up opponents, they are persecuted and some of them are arrested, but they forgive their opponents and remain faithful to God even if they are killed:

 

 

The Apostles in Acts

Jesus in Luke's Gospel

The Holy Spirit descends on the apostles at Pentecost, as they are praying (2:1-4)

The Holy Spirit descends on Jesus at his baptism, as he is praying (3:21-22)

Peter preaches, quoting from the prophet Joel (2:16-36; quoting Joel 2:28-32)

Jesus preaches, after reading from the prophet Isaiah (4:14-30; quoting Isa 61:1-2)

The apostles call people to join them (2:37-41, 47b)

Jesus calls his first followers (5:1-11, 27-32)

Peter and John heal a lame beggar (3:1-10)

Jesus heals a lame man (5:17-26) and a blind beggar (18:35-43)

The high priest arrests several apostles and questions them before the council (4:1-22)

Jesus is arrested and interrogated by the council (22:47-71)

The narrator summarizes the "signs and wonders" of the apostles,
especially their healings and exorcisms (5:12-16; 8:6-7, 13)

The narrator summarizes the miraculous activity of Jesus,
esp. his healings and exorcisms (4:40-41; 6:17-19)

The sick are healed through Peter's shadow (5:15) and Paul's handkerchiefs (19:11-12)

A woman is healed when she touches the fringes of Jesus' clothing (8:43-48)

The Jewish leaders want to kill the apostles, because of their teachings (5:17-42)

Jewish leaders plot to kill Jesus, partly due to his teachings (19:45-48)

As he is being stoned to death, Stephen hands his spirit over to the Lord Jesus
and forgives his executioners (7:59-60)

As he is dying on the cross, Jesus forgives his executioners
and hands his spirit over to God (23:34, 46)

Peter raises the widow Tabitha (a.k.a. Dorcas) from the dead at Joppa (9:36-42)

Jesus raises a widow's son from the dead at Nain (7:11-17)

The apostles encounter a pious Roman centurion (10:1-48)

Jesus heals the slave of a faithful Roman centurion (7:1-10)

The apostles undertake missionary journeys to Gentiles (13:1--19:20)

Jesus undertakes missionary journey to Gentiles (10:1-12)

Paul feels compelled by the Spirit to go to Jerusalem,
despite the dangers that await him there (19:21; 21:8-17)

Jesus is determined to go to Jerusalem,
despite the dangers that await him there (9:51; 13:33; 19:11-28)

Paul is welcomed in Jerusalem by the believers, and soon goes to the temple (21:17-26)

Jesus is welcomed in Jerusalem by large crowds, and soon goes to the temple (19:28-48) 

Paul is seized by a Jewish mob that wants him killed,
but later stands trial before Roman governors (21:30-36; 23:2326:32)

Jesus is arrested by a Jewish mob,
but is later turned over to the Roman procurator for trial (22:47-54; 23:1-25)

Paul is slapped on orders of the high priest (23:2)

Jesus is slapped by the high priest's attendants (22:63-64)

Paul argues against the Sadducees, who do not believe in the resurrection (23:6-9)

Jesus is questioned by some Sadducees, who deny the concept of resurrection (20:29-38)

Paul is declared innocent three times (23:9, 29; 26:31)

Jesus is declared innocent three times (23:4, 14-15, 22)

Paul takes bread, gives thanks, breaks it, and eats (27:35; cf. 20:7-11)

Jesus takes bread, blesses it, breaks it, and gives it to his disciples to eat (22:19; cf. 24:30)

Paul is regarded favorably by a Roman centurion (27:43)

Jesus is declared innocent by a Roman centurion (23:47)

The reactions to Paul's preaching are a fulfillment of the scriptures (28:23-28)

The life and death of Jesus are a fulfillment of the scriptures (24:44-47)

 

Source: Felix Just, “The Acts of the Apostles