Thursday, May 9, 2024

Philip Zhakevich on עֵץ 'etz in Ezekiel 37

Commenting on the use of ‎עֵץ 'etz in Ezek 37, Philip Zhakevich wrote that:

 

Writing on wooden sticks is attested from the ancient world, especially from ancient South Arabia (modern day northern Yemen). There are about seven thousand inscriptions, known as minuscule inscriptions, that appear on wooden sticks and are written in Old South Arabian. Dating from the end of the tenth century BCE through the fifth century CE, the minuscule inscriptions consist of writing carved on sticks and palm leaf stocks that are about 4–8 inches in length; these inscriptions consist of letters, legal documents, name lists, writing exercises, and records from religious practices (Drewes and Ryckmans 2016; Drewes et al. 2013, 201; Stein 2005, 183–84). Stein (2005, 184) contends that such wooden pieces would have been the most common form of communication in ancient South Arabia due to the affordability and availability of such material. The process of writing on a stick as depicted in Ezek 37:15–20 may be comparable to the practice of engraving sticks with writing as was done in ancient South Arabia. This process involved etching words on a wooden stick with a metal tool or a stone point that was suitable for incising wood (see figure 4.7). We should note, however, that the writing depicted in Ezek 37 is comparable to the minuscule inscriptions only in regard to the process of carving words on a wooden stick. In content and length, the writing in Ezek 37 is quite different from the minuscules. The former consists of a couple names, whereas the latter involve lengthier texts. (Philip Zhakevich, Scribal Tools in Ancient Israel: A Study of Biblical Hebrew Terms for Writing Materials and Implements [History, Archaeology, and Culture of the Levant; University Park, Pa.: Eisenbrauns, 2020], 121)

 

Here is figure 4.7 referenced above:



 Do note, I am not using this to support the common LDS interpretation of Ezek 37; I am pretty adamant that it is not a direct prophecy of the Book of Mormon, something I have discussed on this blog; on this, see:










The use of לוּחַ in the text of Ezekiel 37:16 of Targum Jonathan