Monday, December 19, 2022

Gregory McHardy on the Authorship of the Pastoral Epistles

  

A second reason scholars dismiss Paul’s Pastoral Epistles as pseudepigraphical is because the vocabulary has been reported to be markedly different from his other correspondences in the canon. One scholar, writing in a time when character-based analysis of text was unavailable, reports that the Pastoral Epistles consist of 848 words (not including proper names), 306 of which do not occur in any other of the Pauline epistles that are considered authentic. Thus, over 36 percent of the Pastoral’s vocabulary is unique, throwing their authenticity into doubt (Harrison, The Problem of the Pastoral Epistles, 21). However, my own character-based computer analysis of these numbers results in 956 distinct words in the Pastorals, 573 of which do not occur in any other Pauline epistle. This brings Paul’s overall vocabulary to 5,671 words, of which the distinct 573 words in the Pastorals come to about 10 perfect, less than one third of the earlier scholar’s estimate. (These numbers were arrived at by downloading the Greek text for each Pauline epistle from greekbible.com, collating these words into a document from which all duplicates were removed, and then loading the results into a relational database, from which queries were run to find all words that exist in the Pastoral epistles that are not otherwise present in the authentic or deutero-Pauline epistles. Proper names and numeric words were also removed.) Ten percent may appear substantial at first glance, but let us compare it to Brother Joseph’s canonical writings. In the first dozen years, his vocabulary comes to 2,864 words. But during the last several years of his writings, which contain his more literary compositions, his vocabulary falls to 2,167 words, 831 of which were not used in the first dozen years: 38 percent. The same approach was used here as was used in the Pauline text analysis. The revelations from 1820 to 1832 comprise the first dataset, while those from 1838 to 1844 comprise the second dataset.) Clearly, the evolution of an author’s published vocabulary from one period of life to another is not indicative of a change in authorship. (Gregory McHardy, 8 Myths of the Great Apostasy [Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2022], 60-61 n. 10)