Monday, June 24, 2024

C. Cronin (RC) writing before Sacramentum Ordinis (1947) on the Sacramental Efficacy of Tradition of Instruments in the Sacrament of Orders

 Note: the following was written before Pius XII's 1947 Sacramentum Ordinis. Under the heading “Sacramental efficacy of tradition of instruments,” we read:

 

But the further question now arises: Is the imposition of hands the complete matter; or has the tradition of the instruments been conjoined with it to constitute one composite sacramental matter?

 

While it is not conceivable that the Scriptural imposition of hands has lost its sacramental status, it can readily be imagined that, assuming that the Church has the power, there has been development along the line of more explicit signification and more vivid representation of the power of the priesthood. That there have been such accretions to the Ordinal is an incontestable fact: there we actually do find the tradition of the instruments, with the appropriate form expressing the conferring of the power of the priesthood. The only question is whether it is a mere accessory ceremony, or an integral part of the sacramental matter.

 

We have already mentioned the famous Decree for the Armenians, published by Eugenius IV in the Council of Florence. This Decree teaches that “The sixth Sacrament is Order, whose matter is that thing by the tradition of which the order is conferred.”—We do not propose to enter int the merits of the controversy of this Decree, whether it is an infallible document, as one side claims, or theologically erroneous, which is the opposite extreme view. It suffices for us that it is an official document of the highest authority of the Church, recognising the sacramental status of the tradition of the instruments. Nor is the imposition of hands thereby deposed from its place; first, because the Council of Florence itself, just as the Church before and since has always done, acknowledged the validity of the Oriental rites having the imposition of hands alone. But the case was not the same for the Armenians. They had always preserved the imposition of hands; but they alone, of all the Oriental Rites, had recently adopted into their rite from the Roman Church the tradition of the instruments. (Theologians seem almost entirely to have overlooked this significant historical fact). Hence, Eugenius IV, pre-supposing, not rejecting, the imposition of hands, instructs the Armenians about the tradition of the instruments, I the exact words of St Thomas Aquinas. Yet, St Thomas, although he most emphatically attributes the impression of the character of Order to the tradition of the instruments as the instrumental cause, does not thereby exclude the imposition of hands from the matter of the Sacrament. On the contrary, both in his Commentary on the Sentences (IV, D. 24, Q. ii, art. 3) and in almost the last question of this Summa Theologica written by him before his death, (III, Q. lxxxiv, art. 4) he attributes the grace of the Sacrament of Order to the imposition of hands. “By the imposition of hands is given the plenitude of grace by which they are fitted for their high offices.” Now if St Thomas could write this, and yet teach that the matter of the Sacrament is the tradition of the instruments, why could not Pope Eugenius copy these words into his decree in the same sense, viz., assuming that the imposition of hands has preceded the tradition of the instruments as the sacramental preparation for the completion of the rite?

 

Reference to the Roman Pontifical must not be omitted. In the preliminary instructions the bishop is directed to “warn those to be ordained to touch the instruments, by which the character is imprinted.” And in the ceremony itself the candidates are called “Ordinandi” as far as the anointing of the hands. Then immediately follows the tradition of the instruments with its form, and they become at once “Ordinati.”

 

My final conclusion, then, is that the imposition of hands with the invocation of the Holy Ghost are certainly the sacramental matter and form of the Episcopate, Priesthood, and Diaconate; and that probably the tradition of the instruments with its form also belongs to the sacramental outward sign of the Priesthood and Diaconate. Of this Subdiaconate and the Minor Orders the tradition of the instruments and the accompanying words alone constitute the matter and form, whether sacramental or otherwise. (C. Cronin, “The Sacrament of Order,” in The Teaching of the Catholic Church: A Summary of Catholic Doctrine, ed. George D. Smith, 2 vols. [New York: The MacMillan Company, 1927, 1959], 2:1058-59)