Wednesday, October 2, 2024

Ronald Hendel on Genesis 3:15

  

3:15. “I will set hatred between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers. They will strike at your head, and you will strike at their heels.” This punishment reverses the circumstance of the easy relationship between the snake and the woman. Rather than open discourse, there will be open enmity. This verse explains why, in the present world, humans have such a negative visceral reaction to snakes.

 

The balanced couplet hûʾ yəšûpəkā rōʾš wəʾattâ təšûpennû ʿāqēb (“they [lit. ‘he’] shall strike at your head, and you shall strike at their [lit. ‘his’[ heels”), shows the kind of hate that henceforth colors the relationship between humans and snakes. The pronouns for “they” and “you” are in the singular but are meant as collectives. (The singular pronouns for “they” and “you” are in the singular, but are meant as collectives. (The singular pronouns gave rise to later messianic interpretations of this verse in Judaism and Christianity—“he” identified with the messiah and “you” with Satan. Cf. the common Catholic iconography with Mary as the woman with the snake under her feet.) The verb šûp in both clauses means something like “bruise, crush.” This verb has a wordplay with a type of snake, šəpîpōn, which is an onomatopoetic name, “the hisser,” for a type of venomous snake. (Nāḥāš, “snake,” and šəpîpōn are parallel terms in 49:17). This makes the mutual striking like the hissing of snakes. The words “head” and “heels” are objects of the verbs, but elsewhere they connote a merism of totality, “from head to heels,” total enmity. (Ronald Hendel, Genesis 1-11: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary [AYB 1A; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2024], 187)

 

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