Monday, November 17, 2025

Theophylact of Ohrid (1055-1107) Interpreting ἁμαρτία (“sin”) in 2 Corinthians 5:21 as a Reference to a Sin-Sacrifice

  

2 Corinthians 5:21. For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

 

I do not even mention, he says, that you dishonored the Benefactor, that He did not concern Himself with revenge, that rather He was the first to seek reconciliation–what He has now done, is that not sufficient to move you to be reconciled? What did He do? He delivered up His Son, “who knew no sin,” that is, who is Himself righteousness, to death for us, as a sinner and evildoer, for “cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree” (Deuteronomy 21:23), and “He was numbered with the transgressors.” He did not say: “He made Him a sinner,” but “a sacrifice for sin,” which is greater. And why was this done? That we might be justified—by works or the Law, but by the grace of God. For the righteousness of God is when a person is justified by grace, without any spot being found in him. Therefore he does not say: that we may be righteous ourselves, but that we might become “the righteousness of God,” pointing to the superabundance of grace. (The New Testament Commentaries of Theophylact of Ohrid, 3 vols. [trans. Dean Marais; Based Book, 2025], 2:265)