Is 2 Maccabees 7 an interpolation?
2 Macc 7:28
is often touted as proof that creation ex nihilo was taught before the 2nd/3rd
centuries when many scholars believe the doctrine first came about. As I wrote
in a previous post:
Indeed, the closest
text accepted by Christians as canonical would be 2 Maccabees 7:28, part of the
Catholic canon: “I ask you, son, look to heaven and earth and, seeing all
things in them, be aware that God made them from non-being and the race of men
began in this matter.” But in the phrase, “God made them from non-being,” this
“non-being” dos not express absolute non-existence, only the prior
non-existence of the heavens and earth. They were made to exist after not
existing. In Wisdom of Solomon 11:17, the author speaks of God’s “all-powerful
hand which created the world out of formless matter” (Greek: amorfos hyle).
This term does not mean the world was created out of nothing, as scholars, such
as Jonathan Goldstein state that there is no pre-rabbinic Jewish text that can
be proved to assert the doctrine of creation ex nihilo (see his “Creation Ex Nihilo:
Recantations and Restatements,” in Journal of Jewish Studies 38/2 [1987]).
However,
another possibility is that the text might teach creation out of
nothing, but the entire chapter is a later interpolation. To read an
interesting, well-argued article on this very issue, see Daniel O. McClellan, "A
Reevaluation of the Structure and Function of 2 Maccabees and its Text-Critical
Implications” (available online here).
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