Saturday, October 24, 2026

David Winston on Wisdom of Solomon 16:7 and the Brazen Serpent

  

For the one who turned toward it [the brazen serpent] was saved, not by the thing that was beheld, but by you, the Savior of all. (Wisdom of Solomon 16:7 NRSV)

 

 

7. was saved not by the sight beheld. The author seeks to replace the principle of homeopathic magic which appears to be operative in Num 21:8–9 with a spiritual conception. (See B. A. Levine, In the Presence of the Lord [Leiden, 1974]:85–86.) We find a similar interpretation in M. Rosh Hashanah 3.8: “But could the serpent kill or could the serpent keep alive? But rather, whenever Israel looked on high and subjected their heart to their Father in heaven were they healed, but if not, they perished.” It may be noted that the rabbis explained the punishment of the Israelites by means of serpents on the talion principle, a conceit to which, as we have already seen, both they and the author of Wisd were equally attached. See Tanḥ. Ḥukat 45: “Let the serpent who began with slander come and exact punishment from those who utter slander.… Let the serpent who eats all kinds of food and yet enjoys only one taste (cf. BT Yoma 75a), come and exact punishment from those who eat only one kind of food and yet enjoy the taste of many kinds.” Cf. Targ.Yerush. and Ps-Jonathan on Num 21:6: “And the bath-kol fell from the high heaven and thus spoke: I made manna come down for them from heaven, yet now they turn and murmur against me. Yet, behold, the serpent whom, in the days of the beginning of the world, I doomed to have dust for his food, hath not murmured against me. Now shall the serpents who have not complained of their food come and bite the people who complain.” (David Winston, The Wisdom of Solomon: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, [AYB 43; New York: Doubleday, 1979], 295)

 

 

J. Ross Wagner on the Use of Psalm 40:6 (LXX: 39:7; Hebrew: 40:7) in Hebrews 10:5

  

As with Ps 8, so here also the story of Jesus provides the template for the preacher’s explication of the psalm. In this case, however, a distinctive reading in the OG version of Ps 39(40):7—unattested in Hebrew manuscripts or in other ancient witnesses to the Hebrew text—proves indispensable to the homilist’s interpretation. In the second half of Ps 39(40):7a, the Masoretic text offers a striking image: אָזנְיַםִ כּ רִָית לִּי “ears you have hollowed out for me.” Most English translations have followed the KJV in understanding the expression to mean that God has “opened” the psalmist’s ears to hear and obey. The OG translator, however, appears to have taken this as an instance of synecdoche—ear for body—and discovered thereby a reference to God’s fashioning of the human being out of the dust of the ground. Seeking to clarify the figure for his readers, then, the translator will have chosen a more prosaic rendering of the Hebrew: “A body you have fashioned for me” (σῶμα κατηρτίσω μοι).

 

. . .

 

Jesus’s body is the medium of his obedience to God. “In the days of his flesh,” the preacher recounts, Jesus offered up impassioned prayers and petitions, trusting God to save him from the power of death; and he was heard because of his godly fear (Heb 5:7). In his body, “he learned obedience through what he suffered,” and in this way he was made perfect for his high-priestly vocation (Heb 5:8–9). As high priest, Jesus offered himself up to God once for all. Raised bodily from the dead, he has entered heaven itself, there to present himself a living sacrifice for the sins of the people (Heb 9:12, 14, 26). What is more, the blood and flesh of the embodied Jesus now open the way for his brothers and sisters to enter the heavenly sanctuary themselves (Heb 10:19–22). Through the power of his indestructible life, this great high priest ever lives to make intercession for his people (7:25), granting them freedom of access to the very throne of God, where they can obtain mercy and find grace to help them in their time of need (4:14–16). (J. Ross Wagner, “Performing the Psalms with Jesus: Christ and Community in the Letters to the Hebrews,” in A Scribe Trained for the Kingdom of Heaven: Essays on Christology and Ethics in Honor of Richard B. Hays, ed. David M. Moffitt and Isaac Augustine Morales [Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2021], 160-61)

 

Excerpts from Rodney Turner, "The Blood of the Lamb" (November 13, 1986)

  

The spiritual benefits of the atonement were in force before this earth existed—the Lamb was figuratively slain in eternity. Therefore, original sin or guilt was never inflicted on mankind. The baptism of infants is, as Mormon taught, “solemn mockery before God” (Moron. 8:9). Every child is born whole and innocent regardless of the circumstances of its conception. The Redeemer told Mormon: “The curse of Adam is taken from them in me”. (Moron. 8:8). Thanks to the atonement, original sin or guilt is a theological fossil.

 

. . .

 

Unlike the rest of mankind, Jesus was not conceived in sin, meaning in imperfection (Moses 6:55). When the young virgin asked Gabriel how she was to conceive, he answered: “Of the Holy Ghost, and the power of the Highest. Therefore, that holy child that shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God” (JST Luke 1:35; see 1 Ne. 11:18-2; Alma 7:10; emphasis added). When Mary conceived Jesus her humanity was, for that moment, bathed in the Father’s divinity.

 

Jesus (not Mary) had an “immaculate conception.” It occurred when “the mother of the Son of God . . . was carried away in the Spirit” (1 Ne. 11:18-19; see JST Luke 1:35). The Lamb of God had a heavenly, not an earthly, conception. For this reason, Jesus spoke of himself as the one “whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world” (John 10:36; emphasis added). The Only Begotten in the flesh was the holy child of a holy Father and a sanctified Mother (Moro. 8:3). (Rodney Turner, “The Blood of the Lamb,” Religious Educational Annual Lecture, November 13, 1986, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, pp.12, 22-23, Church History Library, Call no.: M231.23 T951b 1986)

 

 

 

IF NO ATONEMENT

 

But what if that "good news" never came? Had such been the case, mercy would be powerless. Justice would reign supreme...and alone. And there would be no free agency; we would have no say as to our eternal destiny. All mankind would be predestined to perdition. The fall resulted in the entire human race, including newborn infants, becoming lost to God (1 Ne. 10:6; 2 Ne. 2:21; Jacob 7:12; Mosiah 3:16; 16:4). Every man, woman, and child--however virtuous--would be doomed to endless physical and spiritual death, bondage to Satan, and moral devolution, becoming devils themselves (2 Ne. 9:7-9).

 

Consequently, the Father's work and glory, the immortality and eternal life of his children, would be an impossible dream. We fully understood this possibility in our first estate and accepted the risk involved in coming to earth. Why? Because we knew the danger was only theoretical. It would never really happen because our Father would not allow it to happen.

 

To preclude so diabolical a catastrophe, God himself, agreed to meet the just demands of divine law, demands stemming from the Father's gift of free agency to us. This gift cost us nothing, but it came at a fearful price to the Father and his Only Begotten Son.

 

The Father's gracious work required the Only Begotten's gracious atonement. The atonement was the only way the Father could satisfy the just demands of violated law resulting from Adam's transgression and mankind's myriad sins. Sin is the negative use of moral agency. The plan of salvation took into account the inevitable misuse of agency by mankind in its fallen, corrupt state. As Paul wrote: "All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God" (Rom. 3:23). The disease would prove pandemic; the cure had to be universal.

 

Therefore, said Joseph Smith, "At the first organization in heaven we were all present, and saw the Savior chosen and appointed and the plan of salvation made, and we sanctioned it" (TPJS, p. 181). It is a poignant fact that we exercised our agency to sustain the one who died to make it possible. The atonement was an act of law as well as an act of love. (Rodney Turner, “The Blood of the Lamb,” Religious Educational Annual Lecture, November 13, 1986, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, pp. 13-15, Church History Library, Call no.: M231.23 T951b 1986)

 

 

 

WHY THE FATHER COULD NOT ATONE

 

By the same token, the Father could not atone for the sins of his own children. The act of reconciliation required the shedding of blood; it required the death of "the testator" (Heb. 2:17; 9:16-17). Only flesh and blood could atone for flesh and blood. The Father was a resurrected, glorified man of flesh and bone; he had no blood to shed (D&C 130:22). Nor could he die. He was a spiritual being; his spirit and body were "inseparably connected" (D&C 93:33; 88:27; Alma 11:45).

 

Consequently, the Father endowed his Only Begotten with his own nature, attributes and powers. I believe that the Father sent his Beloved Son because he was unable to come himself. He sacrificed his Only Begotten because he could not sacrifice himself.

 

As we have seen, God had to atone. Thus the Only Begotten became the Father's surrogate, possessing, as Paul wrote, "all the fulness of the Godhead bodily" (Col. 2:9; compare D&C 93:14-17).

 

From this perspective, Christ's atonement appears to be a vicarious ordinance performed in behalf of both the Father and his children. The Son glorified the Father by bringing his work--the immortality and eternal life of man--to fruition (Moses 1:39; John 12:28; 13:31-32). The Father and his Beloved Son closely collaborated in working out the salvation of the human family. All this in accordance with the plan of redemption as formulated by the Gods eons before the foundations of this earth were laid. (Rodney Turner, “The Blood of the Lamb,” Religious Educational Annual Lecture, November 13, 1986, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, pp. 26-27, Church History Library, Call no.: M231.23 T951b 1986)

 

 

GETHSEMANE

 

During the Last Supper Jesus told the Twelve: "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends" (John 15:13). Yet Jesus did more than lay down his physical life, he sacrificed his very being, spirit and flesh, for friend and enemy alike.

 

Although the Redeemer's torment of soul reached its climax in Gethsemane, his spiritual pains continued up to the moment he died upon the cross. Luke writes that before Jesus' ordeal began "there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him" (Luke 22:43). Was that angel the Father? Although the Holy Ghost had been the Savior's constant companion throughout his ministry (John 1:33; 3:34), the Spirit was obliged to withdraw. Jesus will yet testify: "I have trodden the winepress alone, and none were with me" (D&C 133:50; see 76:107; 88:106).

 

. . .

 

THE CROSS

 

Jesus' unspeakable sufferings on the cross are a tangible reminder of his even more excruciating pains in Gethsemane. When all was done, he said: "It is finished" (John 19:30). "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit" (Luke 23:46). He was free at last.

 

The death of Jesus Christ fulfilled the law of Moses with its associated feasts (Alma 34:13-14; 3 Ne. 15:5). According to John's gospel, Jesus and his apostles were the last to eat a lawful passover meal. At the very hour the Jews were killing their paschal lambs (about 3 P.M.), Jesus died on the cross. The shadow (the paschal lamb) and its substance (the Lamb of God) died at the same time.

 

Although Jesus was already dead, "one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water" (John 19:34). Was this significant? I believe so. We sing: "Rock of Ages, cleft for me, Let me hide myself in thee; Let the water and the blood, from thy wounded side which flowed, Be of sin the double cure, Save from wrath and make me pure." I believe his blood symbolized the atonement, and the water, baptism. Together they establish the new and everlasting covenant founded upon Christ, the "Rock of Ages."

 

The ordeal finished, the Son of God assumed the fulness of his former glory (John 13:31-32). He had descended into hell, but he did not remain there. Nor will any soul who repents whether in life or in death. (Rodney Turner, “The Blood of the Lamb,” Religious Educational Annual Lecture, November 13, 1986, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, pp. 30-31, 35-36, Church History Library, Call no.: M231.23 T951b 1986)

 

 

(This should not be confused with the mistaken belief that mankind is in bondage to Satan and must be “ransomed” from him. Christ did not ransom us from the devil, but from the demands of justice (Matt. 20:28; 1 Tim. 2:6). Only those who never repent become those sons of Perdition (the “filthy still”) who will be sealed to the devil in the second death following the last judgment (Alma 34:35; D&C 29:41; 63:17; 76:37; 88:35). (Rodney Turner, “The Blood of the Lamb,” Religious Educational Annual Lecture, November 13, 1986, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, p.33, Church History Library, Call no.: M231.23 T951b 1986)

 

 

QUALIFICATIONS FOR MERCY

 

In meeting the demands of justice, the Savior gave life to mercy and she "claimeth all which is her own" (Alma 42:15, 22-23). But for mercy to temper justice, the requirements of divine law must be met by both the the Savior and the saved. The law that required a qualified Redeemer, also requires qualified beneficiaries of his redemptive act. All mankind will be resurrected by pure grace. To that extent, all are saved by pure grace.

 

However, only those who enter into a valid baptismal covenant "with full purpose of heart, acting no hypocrisy and no deception before God, but with real intent" (2 Ne. 31:13) qualify for a fullness of the spiritual blessings of the atonement. The prophet Lehi taught: "Behold, he offereth himself a sacrifice for sin, to answer the ends of the law, unto all those who have a broken heart and a contrite spirit; and unto none else can the ends of the law be answered" (2 Ne. 2:7; see Alma 42:24).

 

The fully repentant will be found "spotless, pure, fair, and white, having been cleansed by the blood of the Lamb, at that great and last day" (Morm. 9:6; see Alma 13:11; 34:36; Rev. 7:14; 12:11). In the resurrection they will be "clothed with purity, yea, even with the robe of righteousness" (2 Ne. 9:14). (Rodney Turner, “The Blood of the Lamb,” Religious Educational Annual Lecture, November 13, 1986, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, pp. 40-41, Church History Library, Call no.: M231.23 T951b 1986)

 

Hyrum P. Jones (1947) and H. Bartley Heiner (1946): Baptism is Both a Symbol and Instrument of the Remission of Our Sins

People often take an “either-or” approach to baptism (it is either a symbol or regeneration); however, in 1947, Hyrum P. Jones pulled the ¿Por qué no los dos? card:

 

. . . baptism is a perfect symbol of the death, burial, and the resurrection of Christ. Paul explains this symbolism in his letter to the Romans (Ch. 6:1-6). Christ died, his body was buried in the tomb, then he took it up again. He was resurrected and came forth from the grave to a new kind of life, His body had been changed, cleansed and purified.

 

What a striking symbol is baptism! After repenting one goes down into the watery grave, completely covered or buried in the water. He is then raised up out of the water, in the likeness of Christ coming forth from the tomb, to walk in newness of life, cleansed and purified from sin.

 

Truly baptism is an appropriate and suitable ordinance. It is the door by which we enter the Church and Kingdom of God, and is required of all. It promotes righteousness and is rich in meaning and symbolism. It is for the remission of sins and is in force through all periods of one’s life, past, present, and future. To realize its greatest blessings one should remember his baptism often and think upon it much. Jesus has given us help in going just this by giving us another ordinance, The Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper. It is by baptism that we take upon us the name of Christ and the obligations of citizenship in his Kingdom. In partaking of the Sacrament we are reminded of Christ’s great gift to us, and of our covenants to always remember him, to keep his commandments which he has given us, that we may always have his spirit to be with us. (Hyrum P. Jones, “Vitalizing Young People’s Participation in the Ordinance of Baptism,” Address given in BYU Faculty Study Group, January 23, 1947, pp. 3-4, Church History Library, Call no.: M266.04 A327 item 23, copy in my possession)

 

 Earlier, a colleague of his went even further. While teaching baptism is a symbol, it also affected, not just our past, but, through repentance, our then-future post-baptismal sins(!):

 

A boy, approached by his teacher because he was disobeying moral laws, feels that he is defeated in life. He has lost hope that God will forgive him for his immoral conduct. He assumes the attitude, "I have the name, I might as well have the game"; and so he continues his practice feeling that all is lost.

 

I would like to say to this young man that we all make mistakes; that we are all sinners. It even says in the scriptures that "there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not." God knew that man would sin when good and Evil came into this world; and so in His mercy He provided a way in which all men might be saved from their sins and lifted out of this hopeless pit in which they have found themselves. Jesus came to show mankind that all could be saved by repentance, by a complete change of life; that is, a change so complete that it might be likened to a rebirth. To Nicodemus He said, "A man must be born again."

 

Jesus' life was spent in trying to bring about this rebirth in men and to convince them of the mercy and forgiveness of God. He offered to the woman at the well a fuller life if she would but drink the living waters of the eternal fountain. He said to the woman taken in adultery, "Neither do I condemn thee. Go thy way and sin no more." Could your sin be so great that God would not forgive you when He offered forgiveness to such as these? And when Jesus was on the cross pleading for those who were responsible for His death, saying, "Father forgive them for they know not what they do." Would He not have included you in His mercy and forgiveness? It is not God that is unforgiving. It is always man who is unforgiving. The Scriptures are filled with illustrations of the forgiveness of God.

 

He even established baptism as a symbol that our sins will be forgiven. If baptism were only for the remission of those sins we committed before we were baptized then there would not be much hope, as most of us were baptized when we were eight years of age. However, baptism is for the remission of those sins we commit and repent of after we are baptized, and it is a rebirth to a new way of life to such an extent it functions for righteousness in our lives that the remorse for our sins and repentance which follows keeps us on the road to the mercy and forgiveness of God.

 

The Old Testament Prophet Ezekiel taught the forgiveness of God. He said, "If the wicked man will turn from all the sins which he has committed, and will keep all my statutes, and do what is lawful and right, he shall surely live, and not die. None of the transgressions which he has committed shall be remembered against him; for the righteousness which he has done he shall live............

 

"Repent, then, and turn from all your transgressions; lest your iniquity bring you to ruin. Cast away from you all the transgressions, which you have committed against me; and get yourselves a new heart and a new spirit. (rebirth) Why should you die?........For I have no pleasure in the death of anyone who di.....Turn, then, and live!" (Ezekiel 18:21-22, 30,31,32.)(American Translation) (H. Bartley Heiner, “Mercy and Forgiveness,” Address given in BYU Faculty Study Group, October 11, 1946, p. 1, Church History Library, Call no.: M266.04 A327 item 14, copy in my possession)

 


Further Reading:


Baptism Does Cleanse Us from Our Sins

Friday, October 23, 2026

The Trinity, The Great Apostasy, and "New" Mormonism | Blake Ostler

 

The Trinity, The Great Apostasy, and "New" Mormonism | Blake Ostler






Scriptural Mormonism Podcast Episode 112: Craig Foster on John Taylor's 1886 Revelation

 

Episode 112: Craig Foster on John Taylor's 1886 Revelation







J. Ross Wagner on 1 Corinthians 4:6

  

Building on the insights of Hooker and others, the present study argues that Paul's enigmatic phrase μη υπερ α γεγραπται is best understood in the context of 1 Corinthians 1—4 as a reference to a particular Scriptural admonition — one he has already cited (1.31) and to which he has subsequently alluded (3.21) — namely, 'Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord.' Of the passages quoted by Paul in 1 Corinthians 1-3, it is this citation that best fits the context of 4.6. As a positive command, it is liable to transgression, and so the exhortation not to 'go beyond' the command makes sense. Moreover, the reference to 'boasting' in 1.31 closely connects it with the second ινα clause of 4.6, 'that no one may become puffed up . . .' Finally, as L. L. Welborn observes, only this quotation 'would seem apposite to Paul's warning against factions' in 4.6. (J. Ross Wagner, “’Not Beyond the Things which are Written’: A Call to Boast Only in the Lord (1 Cor 4.6),” New Testament Studies 44, no. 2 [April 1998]: 280)

 

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