Skyler et al., on the Ancient Understanding of "Hand" Including the Wrist and its Relationship to the Crucifixion

  

 . . . placing the nail in the distal forearm would be inconsistent with piercing “the hands” in the Scripture (New King James Version, 3 ref [e–g]). It is noteworthy, in ancient Greek, that the word “cheira” may not refer specifically to the hand, but rather the hand, wrist, or forearm. Scholars suggest that such differences in translation allow for interpretation regarding the placement of nails in either the hands or wrists (Reumann J, Bratcher RG, Nida EA. 1962. A translator’s handbook on the gospel of mark. J Biblical Lit 81:103). (Stephen Bordes  Skyler Jenkins  Lexian McBain  Amgad Hanna  Marios Loukas  R. Shane Tubbs, "The clinical anatomy of crucifixion," Clinical Anatomy volume 33 no. 1 (January 2020):12-21, here, p. 18)