Monday, June 17, 2024

Fernan Prat on Spiritual Gifts and the Charism Imparted to Timothy in 1 Timothy 4:16; 2 Timothy 1:6-7

  

We understand there by charismata what the theologians call gratuitous graces (gratis datae) as opposed to sanctifying graces (gratum facientes). They are not distinguished from the others by the fact that they are gratuitous—for whoever speaks of a grace speaks of a free gift—but because, in themselves, they are not sanctifying; they contain only the notion of genus without a specific difference. The charisma can be defined as a gratuitous, supernatural, and transitory gift, conferred for the sake of the general good and for the edification of the mystical body of Christ. It is gratuitous  in the sense that it has no necessary connection with sanctifying grace, and that, not being requisite for salvation, the Holy Spirit gives it to whom he will and when he will (1 Cor 12:11), although there is a hope of obtaining it by asking for it (1 Cor 14:27). It is supernatural, for it is a special work of the Holy Spirit within us, (1 Cor 14:32 [πνευματα, by meronomy]; 12:1; 14:1 [πνευματικα]) being able, however, to graft itself on a natural aptitude in the individual, as grace in general is superimposed upon nature which it transforms and exalts. It is also transitory, for the Holy Spirit gives it and withdraws it at his will; it is transitory in comparison with the theological virtues which are lasing, above all with charity which never falls away; yet it possesses, none the less, a certain stability, in virtue of which a man, habitually endowed with the gift of prophecy, is called a prophet. Finally, the charisma is conferred for the sake of the general good, as Paul expressly and aptly affirms. The comparison of the charismata to the members of the human body, whose function is to contribute to the common bodily activity and well-being, really proves the same thing. Moreover, the gifts are valued in proportion to their utility. The more profitable they are to the Christian community the more perfect they are. Bestowed for the public good rather than for individuals, they might some day disappear without depriving the Church of an indispensable organ. (Fernand Prat, The Theology of Saint Paul, 2 vols. [trans. John L. Stoddard; Westminster, Md.: The Newman Bookshop, 1926], 1:128-29)

 

Acts ii, 4. At the moment when the tongues of fire (γλωσσαι ωσει πυρος) appeared and rested on them, the apostles were filled with the Holy Ghost: και ηρξαντο λαλειν ετεραις γλωσσαις καθως το Πνευμα εδιδου αποφθεγγεσθαι αυτοις.—Acts ii, 11. The hearers heard them, each in his own language, celebrate τα μεγαλεια του θεου.—The preaching begins only afterwards (Acts ii, 14). Then the admiration of some and the insulting suspicions of others cease. But what appears from the story of St Luke is, that under the impulse of the Holy Ghost the Apostles spoke a real language which could be understood by those who knew it (Acts ii, 11). (Ibid., 129-30 n. 4)

 

On the charisma in 1 Tim 4:16; 2 Tim 1:6-7:

 

Evidently it is not the purely gratuitous gift which the Holy Spirit bestows or withdraws at all, which is not permanent, and which no one has the right to call into being or revive. Nor is it, as some think, the episcopal character, the power of Order, for this has no need of being revived, since it is incapable of diminution or decline. This charisma is rather the supernatural fitness received  for the worthy exercise of a sacred ministry; something like what we call the grace of a calling—that is to say, the totality of spiritual gifts and the right to the actual graces which the duties of the episcopate require. Although associated with the character and power of Holy Order, it is nevertheless distinct from them. While the character is indelible and the power inalienable, this charisma may become enfeebled through a want of effort or vigilance; if it does not reach the point of extinction, it needs at least toe be rekindled. St Paul indicates very plainly the nature of this charisma, when he adds: “For God hath not given us the spirit of fear, but [a spirit] of power, and of love, and sobriety.” This charisma brings with it, therefore, an increase of internal grace, together with the actual graces made necessary by the episcopal office. Now all this is conferred “by (δια) the laying on of the hands” of the Apostle, yet not without the co-operation and assistance (μετα) of the presbyteral college of Ephesus if, as is probable, it is at Ephesus that the consecration took place.

 

We have, therefore, in the ordination of Timothy, the three principal elements of what the Church to-day calls a sacrament: first, an external rite—the laying on of hands; then a permanent grace (χαρισμα)—the source (produced by this rite) of various graces of condition (δια); and lastly, an internal grace corresponding to the symbol of the external rite, which symbol is determined in its signification by a number of circumstances, which as the prophetic designation and the mission to which Timothy was destined. Divine institution, with its direct or indirect promulgation by Jesus Christ, acts, of course, when it is a question of imparting grace to a rite. (Fernand Prat, The Theology of Saint Paul, 2 vols. [trans. John L. Stoddard; Westminster, Md.: The Newman Bookshop, 1927], 2:271)

 

 

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