Thursday, February 12, 2026

"Fifty" as a Military Unit in the Amarna Tablets (EA 295) (cf. 1 Nephi 3:31; 4:1)

  

EA 295

 

A servant from head to toe

 

text: VAT 1650.

copies: WA 88; VS 11, 168.

 

[Sa]y [to the king], my lord, my Sun, my g[od: Message of …]-di.kud, your servant, a loy[al] servant, [the dirt] beneath the sandals of the [ki]ng, my lord. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord, my Sun, my god, 7 [times] and 7 times. 8–11 I am indeed the servant of the king, my lord, who serves the king, my lord, [from] my head to my feet, just as my [an]cestors (have done) since time immemori[al]. 12–15 May the king, [my] lord, be i[nformed] of the de[ed that] Yab[ni- …, the ruler of S]idon3 [d]id to me. 15–22 … […] Evil [was done …], and he fell [upon …], along with the d[og, the ruler of …], along with h[is] brothers […], along with the men of the l[and of …], and he assemb[led …] …

 

Reverse

 

[…] 3–10 E[vi]l [has (also) b]een don[e] to [my] partner.5 May the king be informed of [my] loy[alty], and may the king, [my] lord, give 50 men along with the garr[ison] commander to guard the city: ti-e-ti (…) 7 f[or the king]. I am indeed prepa[ring] my caravan and my intention is to go (to Egypt) to serve the king. (William L. Moran, The Amarna Letters [Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992], 337)

 

 

6. lú.igi.kár en.[nun/nu.un]: in favor of en.nun (maṣṣartu), “garrison,” are the task assigned to the men and the fact that 50 is a common number for manning a garrison (see EA 139:32; 238:11; 289:42). lú.igi.kár, perhaps āširu or pāqidu, and āšir/pāqid maṣṣarti may correspond to Egyptian iʾmy-r jwʿjt, “overseer of the garrison.” For further discussion, see Acta Sumerologica Japonensia 5 (1983) p. 176, and cf. EA 337, n. 1. (Ibid., 338 n. 6)

 

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