Gregory of Nazianzus (329-390) wrote the following:
Thus brought up and trained, as even now those should be who are to preside over the people, and take the direction of the mighty body of Christ, according to the will and foreknowledge of God, which lays long before the foundations of great deeds, he was invested with this important ministry, and made one of those who draw near to the God Who draws near to us, and deemed worthy of the holy office and rank, and, after passing through the entire series of orders, he was (to make my story short) entrusted with the chief rule over the people, in other words, the charge of the whole world: nor can I say whether he received the priesthood as the reward of virtue, or to be the fountain and life of the Church. For she, like Ishmael, fainting from her thirst for the truth, needed to be given to drink, or, like Elijah, to be refreshed from the brook, when the land was parched by drought; and, when but faintly breathing, to be restored to life and left as a seed to Israel, that we might not become like Sodom and Gomorrah, whose destruction by the rain of fire and brimstone is only more notorious than their wickedness. Therefore, when we were cast down, a horn of salvation was raised up for us, and a chief corner stone, knitting us to itself and to one another, was laid in due season, or a fire to purify our base and evil matter, or a farmer's fan to winnow the light from the weighty in doctrine, or a sword to cut out the roots of wickedness; and so the Word finds him as his own ally, and the Spirit takes possession of one who will breathe on His behalf. (Oration xxi § 7)
Such are very high words of praise aimed at the individual Gregory is praising. If Gregory was speaking of a bishop of Rome, a modern Roman Catholic apologist would focus on such lofty terms, including this person “entrusted with the chief rule over the people,” as proof of the primacy, not just of the Church of Rome, but the singular bishop thereof (see modern works such as Steve Ray, Upon This Rock and Scott Butler et al., Jesus, Peter, and the Keys for the standard proof-texting of Church Fathers on this and related topics). However, Gregory was not speaking of Peter and/or a bishop of Rome; instead, he was speaking of Athanasius of Alexandria. Such does show that one has to be very careful when examining any text, whether the Bible, the patristic literature, etc (and yes, one should be cautious when it comes to LDS uses thereof, too, as I have seen many [sincere, but errant] LDS [unintentionally] abuse ancient texts to support our beliefs).
On the topic of purported patristic evidence supporting the later dogmatic teachings about the papacy, see:
Edward Denny, Papalism : a treatise on the claims of the papacy as set forth in the encyclical Satis Cognitum (1912)
Also see, for example, my article The Development Hypothesis and Dogmatic Teachings on the Papacy
