Wednesday, January 13, 2016

Is Genesis 1:26 evidence for the Trinity in the Old Testament?

Sometimes, one will hear that the phrase, "let us make" (Heb: נַעֲשֶׂה) in Gen 1:26 is a “royal we” and/or evidence of a plurality of persons within the “being” of the One God. However, even Trinitarian commentators have rejected this antiquated (and rather eisegetical) view. Note the following examples (which could easily be multiplied):

The we of majesty does not exist in Hebrew. (Paul Joüon, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew [Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 2006], p. 347 n. 7)

In the NET note for Gen 1:26, we read (emphasis added):

The plural form of the verb has been the subject of much discussion through the years, and not surprisingly several suggestions have been put forward. Many Christian theologians interpret it as an early hint of plurality within the Godhead, but this view imposes later trinitarian concepts on the ancient text. Some have suggested the plural verb indicates majesty, but the plural of majesty is not used with verbs. C. Westermann (Genesis, 1:145) argues for a plural of "deliberation" here, but his proposed examples of this use (2Sa 24:14; Isa 6:8) do not actually support his theory. In 2Sa 24:14 David uses the plural as representative of all Israel, and in Isa 6:8 the LORD speaks on behalf of his heavenly court. In its ancient Israelite context the plural is most naturally understood as referring to God and his heavenly court (see 1Ki 22:19-22; Job 1:6-12; Job 2:1-6; Isa 6:1-8). (The most well-known members of this court are God's messengers, or angels. In Gen 3:5 the serpent may refer to this group as "gods/divine beings." See the note on the word "evil" in Gen 3:5.) If this is the case, God invites the heavenly court to participate in the creation of humankind (perhaps in the role of offering praise, see Job 38:7), but he himself is the one who does the actual creative work (v. Gen 1:27). Of course, this view does assume that the members of the heavenly court possess the divine "image" in some way. Since the image is closely associated with rulership, perhaps they share the divine image in that they, together with God and under his royal authority, are the executive authority over the world.



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