In his commentary on the Book of Revelation, Victorinus (290-364) interpreted the "woman" to be a the Church, not Mary (or both Mary and the Church):
"And there was seen a great sign
in heaven. A woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on
her head a crown of twelve stars. And being with child, she cried out
travailing, and bearing torments that she might bring forth."] The woman
clothed with the sun, and having the moon under her feet, and wearing a crown
of twelve stars upon her head, and travailing in her pains, is the ancient
Church of fathers, and prophets, and saints, and apostles, which had the groans
and torments of its longing until it saw that Christ, the fruit of its people
according to the flesh long promised to it, had taken flesh out of the selfsame
people. Moreover, being clothed with the sun intimates the hope of resurrection
and the glory of the promise. And the moon intimates the fall of the bodies of
the saints under the obligation of death, which never can fail. For even as
life is diminished, so also it is increased. Nor is the hope of those that
sleep extinguished absolutely, as some think, but they have in their darkness a
light such as the moon. And the crown of twelve stars signifies the choir of
fathers, according to the fleshly birth, of whom Christ was to take flesh. (ANF
7:355)
