At other times the stress is upon the
validity and inherent worth of the sacrament, even where faith is absent. The
basis of this validity is the fact that God is the active subject of baptism: “God
is actively at work in baptism without regard to my work or yours.” (WA 46,608,10f.
= LW 22,175 on John 1:32-34) (Jonathan D. Trigg, “Baptism
in the theology of Martin Luther simper ES in Motu Et initio” [PhD thesis; University
of Durham, 1991], 143)