TDNT:
Theologically the most significant verse is R. 5:19: ὥσπερ γὰρ διὰ τῆς παρακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἁμαρτωλοὶ κατεστάθησαν οἱ πολλοί, οὕτως καὶ διὰ τῆς ὑπακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς δίκαιοι κατασταθήσονται οἱ πολλοί. Here, too, there is
hardly any linguistic or material difference between κατεστάθησαν and ἐγένοντο. The meaning is that “as
the many became sinners through the disobedience of the one man, so the many
become righteous through the obedience of the one.” (Albrecht Oepke, “Καθίστημι, Ἀκαταστασία,
Ἀκατάστατος,” Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament, ed.
Gerhard Kittel, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich, 10 vols. [Grand
Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964–], 3:445)
BDAG:
3. cause someone
to experience someth., make, cause τινά τι (Eur., Androm. 635 κλαίοντά σε καταστήσει; Pla., Phlb. 16b ἐμὲ ἔρημον κατέστησεν; POxy 939, 19 σε εὐθυμότερον; Jos., Ant. 6, 92; 20, 18;
Just., A I, 33, 6 τὴν παρθένον … ἐγκύμονα κατέστησε) ταῦτα οὐκ ἀργοὺς οὐδὲ ἀκάρπους καθίστησιν this does not make (you) useless
and unproductive 2 Pt 1:8.—Pass. be made, become (Menand.,
fgm. 769 K.=483 Kö. ἅπαντα δοῦλα τοῦ φρονεῖν καθίσταται; Herodas 1, 40 ἱλαρὴ κατάστηθι=be(come) cheerful;
Diod. S. 17, 70, 3; Περὶ ὕψους 5; PRein 18, 40 [108
BC] ἀπερίσπαστος κατασταθήσεται=‘be left
undisturbed’; EpArist 289 σκληροὶ καθίστανται; Philo, Aet. M. 133) ἁμαρτωλοὶ κατεστάθησαν … δίκαιοι κατασταθήσονται Ro 5:19 (FDanker in Gingrich Festschr. ’72, 106f, quoting POxy 281, 14-24
[20-50 AD] in possible legal sense; cp. PTebt 183; but cp. Cat. Cod. Astr. IX/2
p. 132, 12 of restoration to a healthy condition). The two pass. in Js
where the word occurs prob. belong here also (φίλος τ. κόσμου) ἐχθρὸς τ. θεοῦ καθίσταται 4:4; cp. 3:6, where the text may not be in
order.—JdeZwaan, Rö 5:19; Jk 3:6; 4:4 en de Κοινή: TSt 31, 1913, 85-94.—Restored
text Hs 10, 3, 4 (POxy 404 recto, 19) (s. καθαρότης).—DELG s.v. ἵστημι. M-M. TW.
Further Reading:
Response to a Recent Attempt to Defend Imputed Righteousness (a review of John Kauer, “Are You Considered as Good as Jesus? The Imputation Approach” in Eric Johnson and Sean McDowell, eds. Sharing the Good News with Mormons [Eugene, Oreg.: Harvest House Publishers, 2018), 273-81, 339]; also discusses Rom 4:1-8, a common "proof-text" for Reformed soteriology)
