Thursday, August 4, 2022

Jacques Bénigne Bossuet on Images and their Veneration During the Early English Reformation

  

Concerning Images and Saints.

 

Images were retained, with full liberty of incensing them, kneeling before them, bringing offerings, and shewing respect to them, in consideration that these homages were a relative honour, directed to God, and not to the Image. This was not only approving the honour of Images in general, but those things, in particular, wherein it is carried to its greatest height.

 

The people were to be taught that it was good to pray to the saints, that they would pray for, and with us, yet so as not to think to obtain those things at their hands which were only to be obtained of God. (Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, The History and the Variations of the Protestant Churches, 2 vols. [2d ed.; Maynooth: Richard Coyne, 1836], 1:269-70)

 

Jacques Bénigne Bossuet on the Council of Trent and Images

  

Regarding Images

 

Setting up images is rendering sensible the mysteries and example which sanctify us. The thing to be feared in respect of the ignorant is, lest they should believe that the divine nature might be represented, or rendered present in images, or, at all events, lest they should look upon them as filled with some virtue for which they are honored; these are the three characters of idolatry. But the Council has rejected them in plain terms; so that it is not lawful to attribute to one image more virtue than to another, nor, by consequence, to frequent one more than another, unless in memory of some miracles, or some pious history which might excite devotion. The use of images being thus purified, Luther himself and the Lutherans will demonstrate that images of this kind are not what the Decalogue speaks of, and the honor rendered to them will be manifestly nothing else than a sensible and exterior testimony of the pious remembrance they excite, and the simple and natural effect of that mute language which accompanies these pious representations, and whose usefulness is so much the greater, as it is capable of being understood by all mankind. (Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, The History and the Variations of the Protestant Churches, 2 vols. [2d ed.; Maynooth: Richard Coyne, 1836], 2:327)

 

Further Reading:


Answering Fundamentalist Protestants and Roman Catholic/Eastern Orthodox on Images/Icons

John Bowman on John 10:16 and its Relationship to Ezekiel 37 and Isaiah 56

  

Jn. 10:16 says: “And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they shall bear my voice; and they shall become one flock, one shepherd.” This has a much broader meaning than merely the bringing together of Samaritans and Jews. In that connection one could turn to Ezek. 37 and read how the stick of Joseph and the stick of Judah become one stick (Ezek. 37:19), or Yahweh’s statement to Ezekiel: “And My servant David will be king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd”, or again (Ezek. 37:27): “My tabernacle shall be with them; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. (v. 28) And the nations shall know that I am Yahweh who sanctifies Israel, when My sanctuary shall be in the midst of them for ever.” One might see this last statement as lying behind Jn. 1:14: “And my Word became flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld His glory . . . “ But it is very far removed from Jn 1:14. The Fourth Gospel is not thinking of just Samarians and Jews. In Isa 56:6 Yahweh speaks of

 

. . . the strangers who join themselves to the Lord, to minister to Him, and to love the name of the Lord, to be His servants . . . (v. 7) even them will I bring to My holy mountain an make them joyful in My house of prayer . . . for My house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples. (v. 8) Adonai Yahweh who gathers the outcasts of Israel says: ‘Yet will I gather others to him, beside his own that are already gathered.’ (John Bowman, The Fourth Gospel and the Jews: A Study in R. Akiba, Esther and the Gospel of John [Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series 8; Eugene, Oreg.: Pickwick Publications, 1975], 202-3)

 

Wednesday, August 3, 2022

Helen Mar Kimball Whitney on the Importance of the Rocky Mountain Prophecy to LDS Truth Claims over RLDS Claims to Authority

Writing in response to Joseph Smith III and the Reorganized Church, Helen Mar Kimball Whitney wrote the following about Joseph Smith’s “Rocky Mountain Prophecy” and how the LDS Church, not the then-RLDS Church, is the true Church based on the fulfillment thereof:

 

I will refer to Joseph Smith to his father's history for proofs that Brigham Young was not father to the idea of bringing this people to the Rocky Mountains. He will find them plainly written on page three hundred and ninety-eight of the book which E. W. Tullidge wrote.

 

If Brigham Young had been an imposter, instead of a man of God, he could never have led this people here; and if they had not enjoyed a goodly share of the same spirit of inspiration that guided him, they would, years ago, have sought a more congenial, or at least a less forbidding spot than they found in this desolate, barren and out-of-the-way place; and if he had not been led by some other spirit than selfishness and a desire to gratify his own worldly ambition he would have accepted the tempting offers held out to settle upon the Pacific coast, in a land of gold mines. If he had not allowed wisdom to lead and control his actions he would not have chosen the path that he did—struggling on for years with the untoward circumstances that met him in every shape, and the care of a great people dependent upon him and his brethren, not only for counsel, but many for food, raiment and shelter. If there was ever a great father upon this earth he was one; and if it had not been for the deep-rooted faith which they had not been of the true metal, they could never have endured and carried out the programme which he, by the light of revelation, had marked out.

 

In the book of Doctrine and Covenants it is written, "Let them therefore who are among the Gentiles, flee unto Zion. * * * Go ye out from among the nations, even from Babylon, from the midst of the wickedness, which is spiritual Babylon." The Prophet Isaiah said, "in the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams in the desert. And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water." "And it shall come to pass in the last days that the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it."

 

How can these predictions be fulfilled by those who call themselves the "Reorganized church" if they remain in the midst of Babylon and do not separate themselves from the wicked? Where are the deserts and "the parched ground" spoken of by Isaiah? not in the fruitful land of Iowa, nor Missouri, nor in any of the places around about that portion of America. And where are "the mountains" where "the Lord's house" is to "be established" and "exalted above the hills," if not here? Where are the temples that were to be built to the Lord in the last days if not in these mountains? Isaiah said, "Many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths." We also read in the book of Isaiah these words: "how beautiful upon the mountain are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace: * * * for the Lord hath comforted His people."

 

All these prophecies have reference to these times, and the Latter-day Saints accept them just as they are written, nothing doubting, and I would like to know how we are to get around any one of these predictions. Nothing could be plainer, and those who try to gainsay them or to deny one had better deny the whole book and cast it into the flames.

 

Has not the Lord opened "rivers in high places and fountains in the midst of the valleys?" for He said, "I give waters in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen."

 

No people can appreciate these sayings as do the Saints who first settled these valleys of the Rocky Mountains, for we have witnessed their fulfillment to the very letter. Nor could any one with a spark of the gospel light misunderstand the prophet's meaning; and I think that we are nearing the time when the "sinners in Zion" will be "afraid; and fearfulness will surprise the hypocrite." The "ensign" which Isaiah foresaw, has been lifted to the nations, and do we not see the people coming "with speed swiftly" from all the nations of the earth and building up the waste places? Who is so blind as those that will not see? Where on this earth is there a people who stand in so little fear of the threats of men as do the Latter-day Saints? It is true that were our trust in man alone we should tremble; but our trust is in God, who has said to His people: "Fear them not; for I am with thee: be not dismayed; for I am thy God; and I will strengthen thee; yea, I will help thee; yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of my righteousness;" and can we not "sing unto the Lord a new song," who said, "Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their voice, the villages that Kedar doth inhabit: let the inhabitants of the rock sing; let them shout from the tops of the mountains." This is the true secret of our strength, and no man can take to himself the glory. We also read: "Behold all they that were incensed against thee shall be ashamed and confounded; they shall be as nothing; and they that strive with thee shall perish." "For I am the Lord thy God will hold thy right hand saying unto thee, Fear not I will help thee." "This people have I formed for myself; they shall show forth my praise." "Behold I have refined thee, but not with silver; I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction."

 

The "Mormons" of Utah do not admit that it was the wisdom or the will of Brigham Young, as Joseph's son appears willing to credit him with, but it was the wisdom and the will of the almighty that prevailed, and which led and guided His servants to the secure place in the Rocky Mountains, in fulfillment of prophecy, and which we well know was previously "contemplated by Joseph Smith." But his won speaks truly when he says, "This work is not the work of Joseph Smith." No, no mortal man can take the credit of it to himself.

 

The Saints of Nauvoo well remember how the Prophet was warned by the Lord to flee to the Rocky Mountains, and had it not been for his wife, Emma, and a few faithless and frightened brethren, he would have come west, but it was otherwise ordained. (Helen Mar Whitney, Plural Marriage, As Taught by the Prophet Joseph Smith. A Reply to Joseph Smith, Editor of the Lamoni (Iowa) "Herald" [Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1882] 17-19)

 

Further Reading:


Resources on Joseph Smith's Prophecies

David O. McKay on "Faith"

  

FAITH

 

“Faith is the eternal light that will dispel threatening clouds. Father in man is the power that leads to brotherhood; faith in God, the ladder by which men climb toward perfection.

 

“It was faith that braved Columbus to sail on and on into the unknown horizon until he discovered a new land. It was faith that brought to America the ‘Mayflower, freighted with the destines of a continent.’

 

“It was faith that impelled President Brigham Young and the Utah Pioneers to establish permanent settlements in a forbidding, defiant western desert. Notwithstanding the warnings of the desolation of the country, and the plea to go on to more productive climes, there was that assurance in President Young’s mind which had greater influence upon him than the trapper’s experience of productivity and of monthly frosts, and more influential than the glowing description of the California coast.

 

“Greater than human judgment, towering above man’s experience, was the great leader’s trust in God. In the hearts of the pioneers was a faith triumphant—a faith that had nourished in them ‘confidence, hope, love, and a sentiment o the infinite value of existence.’” (Home Memories of President David O. McKay, comp. Llewelyn R. McKay [Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1956], 207)

 

David O. McKay on the Appropriateness of Using Traditional Christmas Symbols and Uncertainty as to the Date of Christ's Birth

Recollecting his father's teachings on Christmas symbols and uncertainty about the date of Christ's birth, Llewelyn R. McKay wrote the following:


Christmas Symbols

 

Some people have claimed that Church members should not use the Christmas tree, the holly wreath and evergreen as decorations at Christmas time because these things are heathen in origin. Father is not in accord with this attitude.

 

The fact that the evergreen tree antedates Christianity as a symbol of fertility and also of everlasting life does not lessen its appropriateness to be used by Christians. The giving of gifts on a particular day likewise goes back to early historic time, for instance, a day was set apart in Rome during which time honey was given to one another by the people that life might be sweeter. Father thinks the giving of gifts probably dates back to the Wise Men. The legend of St. Nicholas is also highly appropriate for Christmas for it symbolizes the spirit of giving.

 

“Actually we do not know when Christ’s birthday occurred. It has been celebrated in January, in April, in May, and in December. The important thing is that we realize that Christmas, the day which has been generally set to celebrate Christ’s birth, is recognized as a day that should ‘change all grief into love.’ (Home Memories of President David O. McKay, comp. Llewelyn R. McKay [Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1956], 200)

 

David O. McKay, "Jesus Christ—The One Peerless Person"

  

JESUS CHRIST—THE ONE PEERLESS PERSON

 

“Jesus is revered and worshiped by all Christian nations and classes of individuals. This is really a wonderful fact after the lapse of nearly two thousand years, because from a human standpoint, we know so little about him. What we have of his teachings is so little that we can put it into a vest-pocked edition.

 

“Yet, no being has ever been on the earth who has wielded a thousandth part of the influence that this man of Galilee wields throughout the world.

 

“Wherein lies the secret of his greatness? We do not honor him as a great discoverer nor as a scientist, nor as a literary genius, nor as one noted in the realm of art, nor as one distinguished in the realm of invention, in statesmanship or war; in fact, in none of the realms in which the men and women of the world have won their laurels do we pay deference to Jesus.

 

“We reverse him because his wisdom and spirituality comprehend and exceed that of all others.

 

“Consider for a moment his example in regard to the following fundamental principles:

 

“First, reverence for God; second, peace; third, goodwill toward men, or to express it in another way, Godliness, happiness, brotherly kindness.

 

“The first principle, peace has been defined as the happy, natural state of man, the ‘first of human blessings.’ Without it there can be no happiness. Peace as taught by the Savior is exemption from individual troubles, from daily broils, from national difficulties. Such peace refers to the person just as much as it does to communities. A man cannot be at peace when he is untrue to his better self.

 

“The world that expresses goodwill towards men is brotherliness. Though Jesus gave his message particularly to the chosen house of Israel; he knew no nationality, neither was he a respecter of persons. Not only toward the poor and helpless, but also toward the rich he manifested brotherliness.

 

“Fundamental in all of Christ’s teachings was the crime of wrong thinking. He condemned avarice, enmity, and jealousy in the mind as vehemently as he did the results that avarice, enmity, and jealousy produce. Modern psychology proves the virtue of such teachings. It confirms also his teachings regarding the injury that follows the harboring of hate. He who harbors hatred and bitterness injures himself far more than the one towards whom he manifests these evil propensities.

 

“Equally applicable to present conditions are his teachings regarding the value and sacredness of human life, the virtue of forgiveness, the necessity of fair dealings, the crime of hypocrisy, the sin of covetousness, the saving power of love, the immortality of man. His teachings regarding arbitration as a means of settling difficulties if applied by warring nations, would do away with war.

 

“’A cathedral without windows, a face without eyes, a field without flowers, an alphabet without vowels, a continent without rivers, a night without stars, and a sky without a sun—these would not be so sad as a world without a Bible, or a soul without Christ.’” (Home Memories of President David O. McKay, comp. Llewelyn R. McKay [Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1956], 218-19)

 

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