Monday, July 21, 2025

Representative Examples of חשב in non-biblical texts from Qumran

The following is based on a search of the original language texts found in Qumran Sectarian Manuscripts with Morphological and Lexical Tabs by Martin G. Abegg, Jr. The English translation is taken from Florentino Garcı́a Martı́nez and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition, 2 vols. (Leiden, Brill: 1997-1998)

 

CD-B Col. xix:33-35:

 

. . .

Thus all the men who entered he new covenant in the land of Damascus and turned and betrayed and departed from the well of living waters, shall not be counted (חשב) in the assembly of the people, they shall not be inscribed in their lists, from the day of the gathering {of the teacher}

 

1QS Col. iii:1-6

 

his soul loathes the disciplines of knowledge of just judgments. He has not the strength to convert his life and shall not be counted (חשב) with the upright. His knowledge, his energy and his wealth shall not enter the council of the Community because he ploughs in the mud of wickedness and there are stains on his conversion. HE shall not be justified while he maintains his stubbornness of his heart, since he regards darkness as paths of light. In the sources of the perfect he shall not be countered (חשב). He will not become clean by the acts of atonement, nor shall he be purified by the cleansing waters, nor shall he be made holy be seas or rivers, nor shall he be purified by all the water of ablution. Defiled, defiled shall he be all the days he spurns the decrees of God . . .

 

1QS Col. v:8-11, 17-19

 

. . . He shall swear with a binding oath to revert to the Law of Moses, according to all that he commanded, with whole heart and whole soul, in compliance with all that has been revealed of it to the sons of Zadok, the priests who keep the covenant and interpret his will and to the multitude of the men of their covenant who freely volunteer together for this truth and to walk according to his will. He should swear by the covenant to be segregated from all the men of injustice who walk along the path of wickedness. For they are not included (חשב) in his covenant since they have neither sought nor examined his decrees in order to know the hidden matters in which they err . . . unless at its price, for it is written (Isa 2:22): <<Shun the man whose breath is in his nostrils, for how much is he worth? [HEB]?>> For all those not numbered (חשב) in his covenant will be segregated, they and all that belongs to them. No holy man should support himself on any deed of futility, for futile are all those who do not know the covenant. . . .

 

1QHa Col. viii:5

 

[. . . ] and what will he think (חשב) . . .

 

1QHa Col. x:32

 

from the congregation of the seekers of flattering things. You have freed the life of the poor person which they thought (חשב) to finish off by pouring out his blood

 

1QHa Col. xi:23-24

 

. . . But I, a creature of clay, what am I? Mixed with water, as whom shall I be considered (חשב)? What is my strength? For I find myself at the boundary of wickedness

 

1QHa Col. xii:6-9

 

[. . . ] I have looked for you. Like a perfect dawn you have revealed yourself to me with per[fect] light. But they, your people [. . . ] [. . . ] . . . they lure them, and mediators of deceit [mis]direct them, so that they come to ruin without perceiving it. For [they carry out] their deeds in folly. For I have been rejected by them, and they do not esteem (חשב) me when you made yourself great through me; for they drive me from my land like a bird form its nest; all my friends and my acquaintances have been driven away from me, and rank me (חשב) like a broken jug. . . .

 

1QHa Col. xii:22-23

 

. . . [And I,] when I lean on you, I remain resolute and rise above those who scorn me, and my hands succeed against all those who mock me; for the do not esteem (חשב) me, even though you exhibit your power in me and reveal yourself in me with your strength as perfect light. . . .

 

1QHa Col. xiii:38

 

[be opened] my [ga]ol is comparable (חשב) to the deep without being there [. . . ]

 

1QHa Col. xvi:10-11

 

. . . However, he who causes the holy shoot to grow in the true plantation hides, not considered (חשב), nor known, its sealed mystery. Blank. But you [O G]od, you protect its fruit with the mystery of powerful heroes.

 

1QHa Col. xviii:5-6

 

. . . I am dust and ashes, what can I plan if you do not wish it? What can I devise (חשב) without your will? . . .

 

1QHa Col. xxi top:10-13

 

[. . . ] from the traps of judgment, by reason of your compassion. And I, I am a creature [of clay . . . an ear of du]st and heart of stone. With whom will I be reckoned (חשב) until these things? For [. . . ] you have [gi]ven to the ear of dust, and you have inscribed for ever what is to happen in the heart of [stone . . . ]

 

1QHa Col. xxvi top:8-9

 

and [my] glory ]is with the sons of the king. I will not crown myself with pure gold, and gold from Ophir they will not place] on me and [. . . will not be considered (חשב) for me. Sing, favoured ones, sing to the king of glory,]

 

1QHa Col. xxvi bottom:10

 

What is flesh to these things? And [what . . . to recount (חשב) these things from period to period]

 

1QapGen ar Col. ii:1

 

Behold, then, I thought (חשב) in my heart that the conception was (the work) of the Watchers, and the pregnancy of the Holy Ones, and it belonged to the Nephil[in]

 

1QapGen ar Col. vi:9

 

. . .And in my days, when there has been completed for me, according to the calculation (חשב) that I calculated (חשב).

 

1QapGen ar Col. vi:16

 

[. . . ] . . . and I considered (חשב) by myself all the behaviour of the sons of the earth, and I knew and demonstrated all [. . . ]

 

4Q264 8-10

 

[Who can endure your glory? What, Indeed, is ma]n, among all your marvellous deeds? [As what shall] one born of woman [be considered (חשב) in your presence? Shaped from dust has he been, maggots’ food] shall be his dwelling; he is spat saliva, [moulded] clay, [and for dust is his longing. What will the clay reply and the one shaped by hand?] And what advice will he be able to understand? Blank

 

4Q264a Frag. 1:5

 

[ . . . and shall rea]d and they shall teach them. Let no-one plan (חשב) [aloud]

 

4Q266 Frag. 11:5-7

 

. . . And anyone who despises these regulations according to all the precepts which are found in the law of Moses, shall not be considered (חשב) among all the sons of his truth, for his soul has loathed the disciplines of justice. . . .

 

4Q381 Frags. 76–77:2

 

[. . . ] to the sons of man, following the inclination of [his] thou[ght . . . ] (חשב)

 

4Q386 Frag. 1 ii:3

 

And when will you assemble them? And YHWH said: <<A son of Belial to plot (חשב) to oppress my people

 

4Q421 Frags. 13 + 2 + 8:3

 

[. . . they shall read and they shall teach] them. Let no[-one] plan (חשב) aloud [. . . about all matters of work or about wealth or . . . ]

 

4Q427 Frags. 7 i + 9:12-13

 

[and my glory is with the sons of the kin]g. I will not crown myself [with pure gold], and gold <<from Ophir>> they will not [place on me . . . ] will not be considered (חשב) for me. . . .

 

4Q429 Frag. 1 iii:7-8

 

[the source of under]standing [and the foundation of truth. They] plot (חשב) [evil in their heart,] and the words of Be[lial have opened a lying tongue]

 

 Further Reading:

Response to a Recent Attempt to Defend Imputed Righteousness

 λογιζομαι in Greek texts contemporary with the New Testament









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