Friday, November 21, 2025

Strack and Billerbeck on Parallels to Romans 1:26

  

Most find in Rom 1:26 B a reference to the lesbian debauchment of women designated as frictrices or triabdes (τριβάδες).

 

Lucian, Ἑταιρικοὶ διάλογοι 5: Τοιαύτας γὰρ ἐν Λέσβῳ λέγουσι γυναῖκας, ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν μὲν οὐκ ἐθελούσας αὐτὸ πάσχειν, γυναιξὶ δὲ αὐτὰς πλησιαζούσας, ὥσπερ ἄνδρας.… Ἐγεννήθην μὲν ὁμοία ταῖς ἄλλαις ὑμῖν. ἡ γνώμη δὲ καὶ ἡ ἐπιθυμία καὶ τἅλλα πάντα ἀνδρός ἐστί μοι. ‖ Martial, Epigrams 90.5: Mentiturque virum prodigiosa Venus. ‖ The halakah has something similar in view in the following passages. Jerusalem Talmud Giṭṭin 8.49C.58: As for two women who have moved to and fro מסלדות on each other (in fornication), the school of Shammai has declared them to be ineligible (to marry priests; thus, their act was viewed as harlotry), but the school of Hillel declared them to be eligible. — The parallels in b. Šabb. 65A and b. Yebam. 76A do not read מסלדות, but rather מסוללות with the same meaning. In b. Yebam. 76A Rashi gives the explanation: “they rub each other’s genitals.” ‖ Tosefta Soṭah 5.7 (310): As for a woman who has moved to and fro מסלסלת on top of her son who is a minor so that genital touching has occurred, the school of Shammai has declared her to be ineligible (to marry a priest), but the school of Hillel has declared her to be eligible. — Parallels can be found in y. Giṭ. 8.49C.58 with the verb מסלדת, and in b. Sanh. 69B as a baraita with the verb מסוללת. ‖ Another kind of female fornication is mentioned in b. ʿAbod. Zar. 44A: What does מִפְלֶצֶת (“idol,” 1 Kgs 15:13) mean? Rab Judah († 299) said, “There was occasion for too much mockery מפליא ליצנותא” (a notarikon interpretation of מפלצת), as Rab Joseph († 333) taught as a tannaitic tradition: “She (Maacah, the mother of King Asa) had a certain kind of penis made with which she had intercourse every day.” ‖ It is worded quite dully in SLev 18:3 (337A): “You are not to act as they do in the land of Egypt and as they do in the land of Canaan” (Lev 18:3). Are we then not to construct buildings or set up any planting as they do? Scripture teaches: “And you are not to walk in their statutes” (Lev 18:3). I have spoken only of statutes that were established for them and for their fathers and for their fathers’ fathers. And what did they do? A man married a man and a woman a woman. A man married a woman along with her daughter, and a woman married two men. Therefore, it is said: “And you are not to walk in their statutes.” (Hermann L. Strack and Paul Billerbeck, A Commentary on the New Testament from the Talmud and Midrash, ed. Jacob N. Cerone, 4 vols. [trans. Andrew Bowden and Joseph Longarino; Bellingham, Wash.: Lexham Press, 2021], 3:82-83)

 

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