How much assurance of
forgiveness he rightfully offers to penitents, in that the tax collector, who
perfectly recognized the guilt of his wickedness, wept and confessed, and if he
came to the temple an unjust man, he returned from the temple justified. Allegorically,
the Pharisee stands for the people of the Jews, who extoll their own merits
from the justification of the Law. But the tax collector is the people of the
Gentiles, who standing at a distance from God, confess their sins. Of these,
the first drew away from God, humbled by pride; the second, exalted by
lamentation, deserved to draw near him. (Bede, Commentary on the Gospel of
Luke [trans. Calvin B. Kendall and Faith Wallis; Translated Texts for
Historians 85; Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2025], 517)
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