1. The repetition of a name in a form of address is extremely common
(cf. already Gen 22:11; Exod 3:4); see b. Giṭ. 57B at § Matt 23:35, #1, toward
the middle (Zechariah, Zechariah); y. Ber. 2.5A.16: “Jew, Jew, unharness your
cow!” (see § Matt 2:5).—Jerusalem Talmud Šabbat 8.11A.35: “Old man, old man,”
(said a matron to R. Judah [ca. 150]), “either you are a drunkard or a usurer
or a pig breeder.”—Leviticus Rabbah 25 (123C): “Old man, old man, if you had
done this early (in your youth), you would not have to do this late.”—Midrash
Ecclesiastes 5:14 (29A): “Vineyard, vineyard, how beautiful you are!”—See b.
Mak. 24A at § Matt 23:9, #3.—See b. Sukkah 56B at § Matt 7:15 C. On the
doubling of a call, see § Luke 22:31.
2. See Old Testament examples of murders of prophets in 1 Kgs 18:4,
13; 19:10; 2 Chr 24:20ff. (Zechariah); Jer 26:20ff. (Uriah); see also 2 Kgs
21:16; 24:4.—The rabbinic writings mention in particular the killing of Isaiah
and Zechariah; see § Heb 11:37 and § Matt 23:35.—Rashi corroborates the words:
“and now murderers” in Isa 1:21 with the murder of Uriah and Zechariah;
similarly, Jer 2:30 with the killing of Zechariah and Isaiah. Zechariah and
Uriah appear alongside each other also in Midr. Eccl. 3:16 at the
beginning.—See also § Matt 21:35. ‖ Pesiqta Rabbati 26 (129A): Jeremiah said to
God, “I cannot prophesy against them (the Israelites). What prophet would have
arisen for them whom they would not have sought to kill?!” (Hermann
L. Strack and Paul Billerbeck, A Commentary on the New Testament from the
Talmud and Midrash, ed. Jacob N. Cerone, 4 vols. [trans. Andrew Bowden and
Joseph Longarino; Bellingham, Wash.: Lexham Press, 2022], 1:1082)
