While browsing through Faith of the Early Fathers (here, 2:82), I came across the following from Theodore of Mopuestia (350-428) (highlighting added):
It is proper,851 therefore,
that when [Christ] gave the Bread He did not say, “This is the symbol of My
Body,” but,852 “This is My Body.” In
the same way when He gave the Cup He did not say, “This is the symbol of My
Blood,” but,860 “This is My Blood”;
for He wanted us to look upon the [Eucharistic elements] after their reception
of grace and the coming of the Holy Spirit not according to their nature, but
[that we should] receive them as they are, the Body and Blood of our Lord. We ought … not regard the
[Eucharistic elements] merely as bread and cup, but as the Body and Blood of
Christ,863 into which they were
transformed by the descent of the Holy Spirit (1).
I decided to see
the corresponding text taken from Enchiridion Patristicum:
1113e In Matth. 26, 26. 486
Οὐκ εἶπε· Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σύμβολον τοῦ σώματός μου, καὶ τοῦτο τοῦ αἵματός μου, ἀλλά·
«Τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σῶμά μου καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου» [Mt 26, 26 28], διδάσκων ἡμᾶς 489
μὴ πρὸς τὴν φύσιν ὁρᾶν τοῦ προκειμένου, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς γενομένης εὐχαριστίας εἰς
σάρκα καὶ αἷμα μεταβάλλεσθαι. (M. J. Rouët de Journel, Enchiridion
Patristicum, EDITIO QUARTA ET QUINTA [Friburgi Brisgoviae: Herder &
Co., 1922], 421)
The portion I highlighted
is missing. I decided to track down the source from Migne that de Journel
referenced. The following is taken from Theodore of Mopsuestia, In Evangelium
Matthaei Commentarii Fragmenta:
Greek (the
original language):
Ουκ ειπτε Τουτο εστι το συμβολο τω σωματος μου,
και τουτο του αιματος μου, αλλα, Τουτο εστι το σωμα μου και το αιμα μου, διδασκων
ημας μη προς την φυσιν οραν του προκειμενου, αλλα δια της γενομενης
συχαριστιας εις σαρκα και αιμα μεταβελλεσθαι. (PG 66:713)
He did not say, “This is the sign
(symbol) of my body, and this (is) of my blood,” but “This is my body and my
blood,” teaching us not to regard what is present according to its nature, but
to be changed into flesh and blood through the thanksgiving that has taken
place.
Latin (based on the Greek):
Non dixit : Hoc est symbolum corporis mei, et hoc
symbolum sanguinis mei, sed : Hoc est corpus meumet sanguis meus. Docet
nos non attendere naturam rei subjectæ ac sensibus propositæ : ea enim per
gratiarum actionem et verba super eam pronuntiata, in carnen et sanguinem
mutata est. (PG 66:714)
He did not say, “This is a symbol of my body, and this
is a symbol of my blood,” but “This is my body and my blood.” He teaches us not
to regard the nature of the thing offered nor the senses by which it is perceived,
for these things, by the action of thanksgiving and the words pronounced over
it, have been changed into flesh and blood.”
It appears that
the material I highlighted is absent from the extant fragments of Theodoret’s
work. However, it is clear that he believed in some type of “substantial”
change once the consecration takes place, evident through the use of μεταβαλλω. Here
is the relevant portion of the entry from Lampe’s lexicon:
μεταβάλλ-ω, I. act. and
pass.;
A. trans.; 1. turn, turn round or about;
hence a. transfer, distribute τὰ ἀπὸ ἑκάστου … ἐμπορίων δεχομένη, καὶ τοῖς ἐνδοτέρω ~ουσα, καὶ τὰ ἵδια ἅμα ἑκάστῳ ἐμπορίῳ ἐκπέμπουσα Cosm. Ind.top.11(M.88.448a,b; passage in writing, plagiarize τὴν
ἀρχὴν τοῦ λόγου ἐκ τῆς … Δευκαλιωνείας μετέβαλεν Clem.str.6.2(p.443.10;
M.9.244a); b. transcribe, Andr.Cr.Agath.tit.(p.508;
M.97.1437c); c. substitute ἀντὶ τῶν διδασκάλων καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν τούς γονέας καὶ τὰ τέκνα ~ων
Chrys.hom.27.2 in 2Cor.(10.629b); 2. change,
alter; a. the appearance, transform πολλὰ τῶν ἀερίων τὰς μορφὰς ~οντα Bas.hex.8(1.78e; M.29.184d);
or condition τὴν
κτίσιν ἐκ τῆς δονλείας εἰς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν μεταβληθήσεσθαι Eus.Marcell.2.4(p.54.22;
M.24.816b); Thdt.Is.58:12(p.229.10;
2.374); b. qualities, character,
etc. καὶ ὁ ἄρτος καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον … οὐ τὰ αὐτὰ ὄντα κατὰ τὸ φαινόμενον οἱα ἐλήφθη ἀλλὰ δυνάμει εἰς δύναμιν πνευματικὴν μεταβέβληται Clem.exc.Thdot.82(p.132.12;
M.9.696c); ib.46(p.121.14; M.9.681a);
ὃ … ὑπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ὑπεισιόντων καὶ προσπιπτόντων ἀεὶ ~εται, πῶς ἄν ποτε ἐν ἕξει καὶ δια· θέσει … γένοιτ’
ἄν; id.str.6.9(p.470.18; M.9.297c); εἰς ευχρηστίαν ~ουσι … τοῦ
χυμοῦ τὴν ουσχέρειαν Bas.hex.5.7(1.46e;
M.29.109d); γεωρχία
… τὰς τῶν φυτῶν ποιότητας ~ει ib.(1.47a; M.109d);
εἰ δέ κατά μεταβολήν, δῆλον, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον ~εται … ἐκ
τοῦ ψυχροῦ εἰς τὸ θερμὸν ~όμενον ‡Just.qu.Chr.5(M.6.1460c); c. substance ‘Ηρακλέα προσκυνοῦσιν … ὡς ἐξ ἀνθρώπου εἰς θεὸν μεταβληθέντα Or.hom.5.3
in Jer.(p.33.23; M.13.300c); ὁ ἄνθρωπος … οὔποτε μεταβληθήσεται οὔτε εἰς τὴν τῶν ἀγγέλων οὔτε εἰς τὴν τῶν ἑτέρων μορφήν Meth.res.1.49(p.303.3; M.18.277c); hence,
transmute τὸν χαλκὸν εἰς χρυσὸν μεταβαλών Aen.dial.(M.85.984b);
ib.(992a); d. ref. eucharistic elements,
cf.Clem.exc.Thdot.82(p.132.12;
M.9.696c) cit. s. b supra; οὗ ἂν ἐφάψηται τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, τοῦτο ἡγίασται καὶ μεταβέβληται
Cyr.11.catech.23.7; διὰ τῆς γενομένης εὐχαριστίας εἰς σάρκα καὶ αἱμα ~εσθαι Thdr.Mops.Mt. 26:26(M.66.713b); οὐ γὰρ ἀλλοιοῦται Χριστός, οὐδὲ τὸ ἅγιον αὐτοῦ σῶμα μεταβληθήσεται, ἀλλ’ ἡ τῆς εὐλονίας, δύναμις, καὶ ἡ ζωοποιὸς χάρις διηνεκής ἐστιν ἐν αν̓τῷ Cyr.ep.Calos.(p.606.1; 62.365b); Thdt.eran.1(4.26) cit. s. αἷμα; ib.3(4.269) cit. s. ἀντίτυπος; ποίησον τὸν μὲν ἄρτον τοῦτον … σῶμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ σου μεταβαλὼν τῷ πνεύματί σου τῷ ἁγίῳ Lit.Chrys.(p.330.5); in Eutychian argument τά σύμβολα τοῦ δεσποτικοῦ σώματός τε καὶ αϊματος … μετὰ … τὴν ἐπίκλησιυ ~εται, καὶ ἕτερα γίνεται
Thdt.eran.2(4.126); 3.
morally, turn, change, convert λόγου παιδευτικοῦ … παραλαμβάνοντος … καὶ ~οντος· ὥστε … γεγονέναι
… τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ κρεῖττον μεταβολήν Or.princ.3.1.5(p.200.7;
M.11.253c); λῃστὴν ὲν σταυρῷ μεταβαλεῖν καὶ εἰς παράδεισον εἰσαγαγεῖν Chrys.hom.85.1
in Jo.(8.504c); ἕνδεκα ἄνδρας … πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην μετα-βαλεῖν Thdt.Jer.1:8(2.407); v. ἀλλοιόω; pass. τῶν … τὴν γνώμην μεταβληθέντων Philost.h.e.4.12(M.65.528a). (“Μεταβάλλ-Ω,” in A Patristic
Greek Lexicon, ed. G. W. H. Lampe [Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1961],
848)
