Who has made known from of old
the signs. The received text here looks garbled. It reads literally: “From
My placing an everlasting people and signs.” This translation accepts a widely
proposed emendation, reading mashmiʿa meʿolam ʾotiyot instead of the
Masoretic misumi ʿam-ʿolam we ʾotiyot. The “signs” are the omens of
things to come: God’s divinity is demonstrated by His power to tell future
events through His prophets. (Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible, 3 vols.
[New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2019], 2:)
