Tuesday, January 6, 2026

Robert J. Alter on סֵפֶר (book/scroll) in Exodus 32:32

  

Your book. Although most modern translators prefer to represent sefer as “scroll” or “record,” the word also sometimes means “book” in biblical Hebrew (its regular sense in postbiblical Hebrew), and various ancient Near Eastern peoples registered belief in a celestial book in which the fates of humankind were inscribed. (The codex format of the book had not yet been invented, but a text written on a scroll could nevertheless be conceptualized as a book.)  (Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible, 3 vols. [New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2019], 1:343, emphasis in bold added)

 

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